Abstract: In blockchain-based data sharing, incentive mechanisms can address the issue of users?? reluctance to participate in sharing, and it is one of the important mechanisms for promoting the circulation of data elements and improving the efficiency of data sharing. This study systematically reviews the current research on incentive mechanisms for blockchain-based data sharing. The blockchain technology and the general model of blockchain data sharing are introduced. Starting from the types of incentives, it reviews how different incentive types such as revenue-based incentives, reputation-based incentives, “revenue+reputation” based incentives, and power-based incentives solve the problem of users?? unwillingness to share. From the perspective of the implementation methods of incentive mechanisms, it analyzes examines how different methods such as Stackelberg game, Shapley value, evolutionary game, contract theory, and auction theory achieve user incentives in the data sharing process, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. It also explores the challenges faced by existing research on incentive mechanisms and future research directions.

Key words: blockchain, data sharing, incentive mechanism

摘要： 在区块链数据共享中，激励机制可以解决用户不愿参与共享的问题，是促进数据要素流通，提升数据共享效率的重要机制之一。因此，系统地梳理了当前基于区块链的数据共享激励机制相关研究。对区块链技术和区块链数据共享一般模型进行了介绍。从激励类型出发，综述了收益激励、声誉激励、“收益+声誉”激励、权利激励等不同激励类型如何解决用户不愿共享的问题。从激励机制实现方法的角度，分析了Stackelberg博弈、Shapley值、演化博弈、契约理论、拍卖理论等不同方法在数据共享过程中实现用户激励的方式、优点和不足；探讨了现有激励机制相关研究面临的挑战和未来的研究方向。

关键词: 区块链, 数据共享, 激励机制