Cross-Chain Technology Development and Application Research

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.2304-0275

Abstract

Abstract: With the continuous development and innovation of blockchain technology, many underlying technology platforms with different structures have emerged. Due to the mutual independence of blockchains, these platforms have formed their own value systems, hindering asset circulation and value transfer, and the phenomenon of “value islands”gradually appears. The introduction of cross-chain technology breaks the isolation of a single blockchain and establishes a collaborative value sharing network between blockchains, becoming a bridge and link for the overall expansion of blockchain, providing technical solutions to improve the interoperability and scalability of blockchain. Firstly, based on the existing research results, the background, significance and research status of cross-chain technology are elaborated. Secondly, according to the different implementation principles, cross-chain mechanisms are summarized into three types: external verification, native verification, and local verification, and are analyzed in detail. Thirdly, based on the development trends at home and abroad, cross-chain bridge application projects that adopt different cross-chain mechanisms are introduced, and existing cross-chain technologies and cross-chain bridge projects are analyzed and compared. Finally, the challenges faced by current cross-chain technology are summarized, and the development of future cross-chain technology is prospected.

Key words: blockchain, cross-chain technology, external validation, native verification, local validation, cross-chain bridge

摘要： 随着区块链技术的不断发展与创新，诞生了许多结构各异的底层技术平台。这些平台之间由于区块链的相互独立性形成了各自的价值体系，妨碍了资产流通和价值转移，“价值孤岛”现象逐渐显现。跨链技术的引入打破单一区块链的孤立性，建立区块链之间的协作共享价值网络，成为区块链整体向外拓展的桥梁纽带，为提升区块链的互操作性和可扩展性提供技术解决方案。在综述已有研究成果的基础上，阐述了跨链技术的背景、意义及研究现状；根据实现原理的不同，将跨链机制概括为外部验证、原生验证、本地验证三类并具体分析；结合国内外发展趋势选取采用不同跨链机制的跨链桥应用项目进行介绍，并对现有跨链技术和跨链桥项目进行分析与比较。总结当前跨链技术所面临的挑战，并对未来跨链技术的发展进行展望。

关键词: 区块链, 跨链技术, 外部验证, 原生验证, 本地验证, 跨链桥

LI Guangzhu, LI Leixiao, GAO Haoyu. Cross-Chain Technology Development and Application Research[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2024, 60(2): 32-45.

李光柱, 李雷孝, 高昊昱. 跨链技术发展与应用研究进展[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2024, 60(2): 32-45.

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