Blockchain Data Synchronization Method Based on NDN

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.2204-0060

Abstract

Abstract: In recent years, blockchain technology has received extensive attention in various fields and achieved phased success. However, its own defects limit its development in important fields. This is because blockchain technology makes its requests for the same data content independent through the communication mode of P2P network based on TCP architecture, resulting in a large amount of redundant traffic during data synchronization, thus occupying a high bandwidth, resulting in a high data transmission delay, and ultimately reducing the overall performance of the blockchain. Therefore, the “NDN+Blockchain” structure is proposed in order to effectively solve the problem of low data transmission efficiency of blockchain and expand the technical advantages of blockchain with the help of the inherent advantages of named data networking（NDN）. Through the analysis of simulation experiments, it is concluded that the “NDN+blockchain” structure has a good performance effect in bandwidth occupation and data synchronization delay compared with the traditional TCP blockchain.

Key words: blockchain, named data networking, next-generation blockchain networks

摘要： 近年来，区块链技术在各个领域受到了广泛的关注并取得了阶段性的成功，然而区块链技术的自身缺陷，限制了其在重要领域的发展。这是因为区块链技术通过P2P网络基于TCP架构的通信方式，使得其对相同数据内容的请求是独立的，从而在数据同步时造成大量的冗余流量，进而占用较高的带宽而导致了较大的数据传输时延，并在最终拉低了区块链的整体性能。由此，提出“NDN+区块链”结构，以期借助命名数据网络（named data networking，NDN）自有的优势，有效解决区块链数据传输效率低下的问题，从而扩大区块链的技术优势。通过仿真模拟实验的分析，得出“NDN＋区块链”结构相较于传统的TCP区块链，在带宽占用及数据同步时延方面确有很好的表现效果。

关键词: 区块链, 命名数据网络, 下一代区块链网络

MA Hongqiao, YANG Wenzhong, KANG Peng. Blockchain Data Synchronization Method Based on NDN[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2022, 58(23): 117-125.

马红桥, 杨文忠, 康鹏. 基于NDN的区块链数据同步方法[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2022, 58(23): 117-125.

References

[1] NAKAMOTO S.Bitcoin：a peer-to-peer electronic cash system[EB/OL].（2008）[2022-01-04].https：//bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.
[2] 闫莺，郑凯，郭众鑫.以太坊技术详解与实战[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2018：20-35.
YAN Y，ZHENG K，GUO Z X.Ethereum technology details and practice[M].Beijing：Machinery Industry Press，2018：20-35.
[3] VISHWA A，WOOD D G.Mastering ethereum building smart contracts and DApps[M].Sebastopol：O’Reilly Media，Inc，2019：100-125.
[4] HAO W，ZENG J，DAI X，et al.BlockP2P：enabling fast blockchain broadcast with scalable peer-to-peer network topology[M].Cham：Springer International Publishing，2019：223-237.
[5] ZHOU Q，HUANG H，ZHENG Z，et al.Solutions to scalability of blockchain：a survey[J].IEEE Access，2020，8：16440-16455.
[6] SANKA A I，IRFAN M，HUANG I，et al.A survey of breakthrough in blockchain technology：adoptions，applications，challenges and future research[J].Computer Communications，2021，169：179-201.
[7] EYAL I，GENCER A E，SIRER E G，et al.Bitcoin-NG：a scalable blockchain protocol[C]//13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation，2016：45-59.
[8] GILAD Y，HEMO R，MICALI S，et al.Algorand：scaling Byzantine agreements for cryptocurrencies[C]//Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles，2017：51-68.
[9] BENTOV I，PASS R，SHI E.Snow white：provably secure proofs of stake[J].IACR Cryptol ePrint Arch，2016：16970619.
[10] KIAYIAS A，RUSSELL A，DAVID B，et al.Ouroboros：a provably secure proof-of-stake blockchain protocol[C]//Annual International Cryptology Conference，2017：357-388.
[11] DAVID B，GA?I P，KIAYIAS A，et al.Ouroboros praos：an adaptively-secure，semi-synchronous proof-of-stake blockchain[C]//Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques，2018：66-98.
[12] XU Z，HAN S，CHEN L.CUB，a consensus unit-based storage scheme for blockchain system[C]//2018 IEEE 34th International Conference on Data Engineering（ICDE），2018：173-184.
[13] DING D，JIANG X，WANG J，et al.Txilm：lossy block compression with salted short hashing[J].arXiv：1906.
06500，2019：
[14] 曾诗钦，霍如，黄韬，等.区块链技术研究综述：原理、进展与应用[J].通信学报，2020，41（1）：134-151.
ZENG S Q，HUO R，HUANG T，et al.Survey of blockchain：principle，progress and application[J].Journal on Communications，2020，41（1）：134-151.
[15] DAI M，ZHANG S，WANG H，et al.A low storage room requirement framework for distributed ledger in blockchain[J].IEEE Access，2018，6：22970-22975.
[16] ZHANG L，ESTRIN D，BURKE J，et al.Named data networking（NDN） project[R].Xerox Palo Alto Research Center-PARC，2010.
[17] AHLGREN B，DANNEWITZ C，IMBRENDA C，et al.A survey of information-centric networking[J].IEEE Communications Magazine，2012，50（7）：26-36.
[18] 谢人超，霍如，刘江，等.命名数据网络、技术与应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社，2019：50-66.
XIE R C，HUO R，LIU J，et al.Naming data network，technology and application[M].Beijing：People’s Post and Telecommunications Press，2019：50-66.
[19] XYLOMENOS G，VERVERIDIS C N，SIRIS V A，et al.A survey of information-centric networking research[J].IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials，2014，16（2）：1024-1049.
[20] BAKKOUCHI A E，BOUAYAD A，BEKKALI M E.A hop-by-hop congestion control mechanisms in NDN networks—a survey[C]//2019 7th Mediterranean Congress of Telecommunications（CMT），2019：1-4.
[21] ASAF K，REHMAN R A，KIM B S.Blockchain technology in named data networks：a detailed survey[J].Journal of Network and Computer Applications，2020，171：102840.
[22] JIN T，ZHANG X，LIU Y，et al.BlockNDN：a bitcoin blockchain decentralized system over named data networking[C]//2017 Ninth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks（ICUFN），2017：75-80.
[23] SEDKY G，EL MOUGY A.BCXP：blockchain-centric network layer for efficient transaction and block exchange over named data networking[C]//2018 IEEE 43rd Conference on Local Computer Networks（LCN），2018：449-452.
[24] LI R，ASAEDA H.DIBN：a decentralized information-centric blockchain network[C]//2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference（GLOBECOM），2019：1-6.
[25] 王群，李馥娟，王振力，等.区块链原理及关键技术[J].计算机科学与探索，2020，14（10）：1621-1643.
WANG Q，LI F J，WANG Z L，et al.Principle and core technology of blockchain[J].Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology，2020，14（10）：1621-1643.
[26] BASHIR I.Mastering blockchain[M].UK：Packt Publishing Ltd，2020：125-150.
[27] ZHANG L，AFANASYEV A，BURKE J，et al.Named data networking[J].ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review，2014，44（3）：66-73.
[28] YI C，AFANASYEV A，WANG L，et al.Adaptive forwarding in named data networking[J].ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review，2012，42（3）：62-67.
[29] 雷凯.信息中心网络与命名数据网络[M].北京：北京大学出版社，2015：160-176.
LEI K.Information center network and named data network[M].Beijing：Peking University Press，2015：160-176.