Abstract: Aiming at the disadvantages of electric vehicles（EVs） charging time and distribution efficiency, a hybrid distribution strategy considering outsourcing service is proposed to integrate the social idle transportation resources into the distribution process during charging time. A novel mixed integer programming model is established with minimizing fixed cost, distance cost, time windows penalty cost, and outsourcing service cost. Then, a three-stage heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the proposed model. The case study related to a logistics enterprise in Chongqing indicates that the model and the algorithm are effective and applicable. Meanwhile, numerical experiments show that the proposed distribution strategy can reduce the total delivery time and effectively save costs.

Key words: electric vehicle, routing optimization problem, outsourcing strategy, three-stage algorithms

摘要： 针对电动车充电时间较长，影响配送效率的缺点，提出一种考虑外协服务的混合配送策略，在电动车充电间隙将社会闲置运输资源整合到配送过程中。以最小化车辆固定成本、路径成本、时间窗惩罚成本和外协成本为目标，建立混合整数规划数学模型，并设计三阶段求解算法。结合重庆某物流企业进行实际配送案例分析，结果表明提出的外协策略能够减少总配送时间，有效地节约成本。

关键词: 电动车, 路径优化问题, 外协策略, 三阶段算法