Abstract: Coverage ratio is one of the important performance metrics in wireless sensor networks. When the targets are k covered by sensors, the produced more redundant data may cause network jam, which lowers the communication and coverage capability of network, and also causes energy consumed rapidly. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy efficient [k] coverage algorithm by using location relation of nodes to construct coverage network model. Coverage area expectation value and the required number of nodes covered all monitoring area are given by the analysis of coverage network model. On the aspect of energy consumption, the nodes with low energy savings are scheduled by the given expectation functions proportion between the working nodes and neighboring nodes, which balances energy consumption of the whole network, and optimizes network resource. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed [k] coverage algorithm not only improves the network’s coverage quality, but also cuts down the rapid energy consumption, and then it prolongs the network lifetime.

Key words: wireless sensor networks, energy efficient, k-degree coverage, coverage quality, network lifetime

摘要： 覆盖率是衡量无线传感器网络性能的重要指标之一。在对目标节点进行k覆盖的过程中，会出现大量数据冗余迫使网络出现拥塞的现象，导致网络通信能力和覆盖能力降低、网络能量快速消耗等问题。为此，提出了一种能量有效[k]度覆盖算法（Energy Efficient k_degree Coverage Algorithm，EEKCA）。该算法利用节点之间的位置关系构造出覆盖网络模型，通过分析网络模型给出监测区域内节点覆盖期望值及对整个监测区域覆盖所需最少节点数量的求解过程;在能耗方面，给出了工作节点和邻居节点之间的能量转换函数比例关系，利用函数比例关系完成低能量节点的调度，进而达到全网能量平衡，优化了网络资源。最后，仿真实验结果表明，该算法不仅可以提高网络覆盖质量，还可有效抑制节点能量快速消耗，从而延长网络生存周期。

关键词: 无线传感器网络, 能量有效, k度覆盖, 覆盖质量, 网络生存周期