Abstract: Sharding technology is the most effective blockchain capacity expansion scheme to achieve high performance without reducing the degree of decentralization. Only state sharding can fundamentally solve the blockchain resource bottleneck. Aiming at the problem of transaction overload caused by sharding technology random allocation transactions, a multi-round node election equalization verification scheme for transactions overload processing under state sharding constraints is proposed. The transactions verification in the shardings is divided into multiple rounds. After each round of verification, a comprehensive score is given according to the node’s communication ability and node consensus performance, and the transaction load in the shardings is calculated to confirm the transaction overload of the sharding, so as to enhance the processing capacity of the sharding in the next round of verification. Experiments show that the scheme can effectively deal with the transaction overload in the sharding, improve the transaction verification rate in the sharding, and improve the overall TPS（transaction per second）, which provides a useful reference for the further research of the sharding.

Key words: state sharding, consensus mechanism, transaction overload, multi-round verification, node election

摘要： 分片技术是目前最有效的实现高性能而不降低去中心化程度的区块链扩容方案，仅实现交易分片并不能解决实质问题，只有状态分片才能从根本上解决区块链资源瓶颈问题。针对区块链状态分片随机分配交易产生的交易过载问题，提出状态分片约束下交易过载处理的多轮节点竞选均衡化验证方案。将分片内的交易验证分为多轮，在每轮验证完成后根据节点通信能力和节点共识表现进行综合积分，并确认分片的交易过载情况，进而在下一轮验证中增强分片的处理能力。考虑到状态分片约束下节点在分片之间不能随意调度，利用节点竞选策略将分片内的节点在不同轮次之间均衡使用，在提升分片规模和有效性的基础上，充分发挥高性能节点的优势，使得过载交易在后续轮次得到及时的验证。实验表明，方案可以有效处理分片内交易过载，提高分片内的交易验证率，提升系统的每秒交易数（transaction per second，TPS），为分片的进一步研究提供有益的参考。

关键词: 状态分片, 共识机制, 交易过载, 多轮验证, 节点竞选