Abstract:

With the spread of COVID-19, contact tracking systems have become an important tool for containing the spread of the disease. A contact tracking system includes tracking, monitoring and other functions. It mainly uses smart devices, such as mobile phones, to identify the persons who have contacted with infected persons through technological means and to inform them whether isolation and quarantine are needed. Based on this method, individuals with initial symptoms can be isolated from the population, therefore, it effectively reduces the spread of the virus. This paper provides a survey of the existing contact tracking systems. Artificial contact tracking and automatic contact tracking are studied to clarify the disadvantages of artificial contact tracking and the advantages of automatic contact tracking. The principle of centralized contact tracking systems and decentralized contact tracking systems is systematically expounded, and the difference between centralized and decentralized systems are compared. The Global Positioning System, Bluetooth Low Energy and cryptography technology used in the contact tracking systems are expounded and the characteristics of each system are analyzed to provide a direction for the development of contact tracking systems.

Key words: automatic contact tracking, bluetooth low energy technology, centralization, decentralization

摘要：

随着COVID-19的大流行，接触人跟踪系统成为了应对疾病蔓延的重要工具。接触人跟踪系统包括跟踪和监察等功能，主要采用手机等智能设备，通过技术手段实现对接触过感染者个体的识别，并通知其是否需要隔离检疫。基于此方法，能够从人群中剔除最初出现症状的个体，有效减少病毒的传播。对现有接触人跟踪系统进行系统化的综述分析。研究了人工接触跟踪与自动接触人跟踪，阐明人工接触跟踪的不足以及自动接触人跟踪对疫情的好处。系统地阐述中心化接触人跟踪系统与去中心化接触人跟踪系统的原理，比较中心化系统与去中心化系统之间的差异。对接触人跟踪系统中使用的全球定位系统、蓝牙低功耗技术以及密码学技术等手段进行阐述，重点分析各个系统的特点，为接触人跟踪系统的发展提供方向。

关键词: 自动接触人跟踪, 蓝牙低功耗技术, 中心化, 去中心化