Abstract: WSNs nodes are mostly scattered and unable to replace batteries in time. As a result, the situations such as uneven network energy consumption and the premature depletion of important nodes are easy to come by. Therefore, a routing algorithm based on improved ant colony algorithm is proposed. It uses the network stratification band and restricts the search angle, introduces the medium distance and gradient function. And it also adds energy factor to the heuristic function to increase network cycle, enhance search capability, reduce energy consumption and avoid falling into local optimum first. Finally, the simulation experiment shows that the improved algorithm can overcome the shortcomings of the classical ant colony algorithm and achieve efficient real-time optimization routing.

Key words: wireless sensor network, ant colony algorithm, dielectric distance, optimal routing

摘要： WSN节点大都分布散乱，无法及时进行电池的更换，所以易出现网络能耗不均，重要节点过早消耗殆尽，故提出一种优化改进蚁群算法的路由算法，运用网络分层带和限制搜索角，引入介能距离和梯度函数，并在概率函数中加入能量因子等，来增长网络周期，增强寻优能力，降低能量消耗，避免先行陷入局部最优。通过仿真实验表明，该改进算法确实能够克服经典蚁群算法的缺陷，实现高效实时的优化路由。

关键词: 无线传感器网络, 蚁群算法, 介能距离, 优化路由