Abstract: With the progress and development of science and technology, full popularity of the mobile network equipment, the demand for a rapid, stable and higher coverage network is increasingly higher. Opportunity network as a supplement of future multi-network, it is able to work in harsh environments, which plays an important role in the network optimization. Most of the existing routing strategies are based on the full cooperation between nodes in opportunistic network, however, due to the limited resources of the node, it is more likely to show its selfish behavior when the node as a relay, such as denying participation in data forwarding, discarding forwarding information and so on. Therefore, how to reduce the impact of node selfish behavior on network performance has increasingly become the focus of research. In this paper, firstly, it introduces the generation and detection of selfish nodes and its impact on network performance, analyzes the importance of node selfish behavior to the opportunity network, then, the existing three kinds of incentive schemes are described, also, the typical incentive strategies in each scheme are introduced in detail, the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are analyzed, finally, do a comparative study on three types of schemes, and giving a future research direction of the proposed and prospects.

Key words: opportunistic networks, selfish behavior, incentive mechanism

摘要： 随着科技的进步与发展，移动联网设备的全面普及，人们对网络的快速化、稳定性和覆盖率的要求越来越高。机会网络作为未来多网络融合的补充，能够在恶劣的环境下工作，对网络的优化起到重要作用。机会网络中现有的大多数路由策略都是建立在节点间完全合作的基础上，然而，由于节点资源有限以及各自的偏好性等，中继节点很容易表现出自私的一面，诸如拒绝参加数据转发、丢弃转发信息等。因此，如何降低节点自私行为对网络性能的影响已然成为现在研究的热点。首先介绍了自私节点的产生、检测以及其对网络性能的影响，分析了节点自私行为的研究对机会网络的重要性。然后，阐述了现有的三类激励方案，对每类方案中典型的激励策略进行详细介绍，并分析了每个策略的优缺点。最后，对三类方案进行了比较，并对未来的研究方向提出了建议和展望。

关键词: 机会网络, 自私行为, 激励策略