Abstract: In order to avoid the problem of energy hole in wireless sensor network due to the uneven energy consumption and extend the life cycle of the network, this paper proposes an non-uniform node distribution routing protocol adopted semi-greedy optimization idea. Firstly, in the layered network monitoring area, the forwarding energy consumption of sensor data for each layer is calculated. According to the energy consumption ratio in each ring and node density coverage requirements, a density decreasing node deployment model is designed. Secondly, this paper puts forward two-hop energy cost estimate function based on the greedy range of two-hop communication, which improves the semi-greedy algorithm. Finally, in the inter-cluster data communication phase, the optimal forwarding path from cluster heads to the base station is established based on semi-greedy optimization algorithm. The experimental results show that compared with the existing protocols, the new proposed protocol can satisfyingly balance energy consumption of nodes, prolong the network lifetime, and effectively avoid energy hole phenomenon.

Key words: wireless sensor network, energy hole, node deployment, semi-greedy algorithm

摘要： 为避免无线传感器网络中因节点能耗不均衡而产生的能量空洞现象，延长网络生命周期，提出采用半贪心优化的节点非均匀分布路由协议。首先在网络监测区域分层的基础上，计算各层感知数据转发能耗，根据各层网络能耗比例和监测区域覆盖要求，设计了密度递减的节点部署模型；然后基于两跳通信的贪心范围，提出两跳能耗代价估计函数，改进半贪心算法；在簇间多跳通信阶段，利用优化的半贪心算法求解簇头到基站的最优转发路径。仿真实验表明，与现有的几种路由协议相比，新协议能够均衡各层网络节点能耗，延长网络生命周期，有效避免能量空洞现象。

关键词: 无线传感器网络, 能量空洞, 节点部署, 半贪心算法