关键词: 人群踩踏, 社会力, 疏散出口

Abstract: Crowd gathering places often have greater safety hazards. When an emergency occurs, crowd stampeding accidents are prone to occur at the exit of public places. Aiming at this phenomenon, a stampeding model is designed. First, the fall of pedestrians during the stampeding process is divided into three types：fell into a coma, pushed to the ground, and tripped by a pedestrian; on this basis, the rules for determining a pedestrian fall and the conditions for a pedestrian to stand again after a fall are set. The rules for determining pedestrian falls incorporate an improved social force model. The improved social force model considers the impact of falling pedestrians on standing pedestrians. During the simulation process, several factors affecting crowd trampling are analyzed, including exit width, average pedestrian speed, friction coefficient of playground plastic runway, psychological effect coefficient, and angle of knock down obstruction. The simulation results show that the smaller the exit width, the faster the average speed of pedestrians, and the smaller the friction coefficient of the playground’s plastic track, the more likely it is for stampeding events to occur. After the psychological effect coefficient and the angle of knock down obstruction exceed a certain threshold, the stampeding phenomenon will be significantly reduced.

Key words: crowd stampeding, social force, evacuation exit