关键词: 疏散行为, 社会力模型, 疏散模型, 恐慌人群, 引导作用

Abstract: Human behavior determines the spatial and temporal distribution of people in emergency evacuation, which is the key to study evacuation dynamics. This paper divides people into four categories： panic crowd, vulnerable crowd, calm crowd and administrative crowd considering their behavior characteristics and psychological status in evacuation. The paper describes the evacuation behavior characteristics of various crowds based on the social force model, and analyzes the evacuation dynamics in different situations. Simulation results demonstrate that the panic psychology of pedestrians can be spread among the crowd and it also performs obvious effect on the evacuation behavior of other pedestrians. On the other hand, the administrative crowd has a positive impact on the whole evacuation, which is significant when the ratio is between 10% and 15%. Furthermore, reasonably locating the administrative crowd will improve the evacuation efficiency. It also finds the higher the level of compliance, the higher the evacuation efficiency. The categorized pedestrian evacuation behavior model can provide theoretical support for the evaluation and optimization of building evacuations.

Key words: evacuation behavior, social force model, evacuation modeling, panic crowd, leadership effect