关键词: 区块链, 身份管理, 身份标识, 身份认证

Abstract: Blockchain technology integrates various technologies and theories such as P2P networks, consensus mechanisms, cryptography, game theory and economics as an innovative application. It challenges the constraints imposed by centralized mechanisms in traditional systems with its characteristic of decentralization. It achieves trustworthiness, traceability and tamper resistance in transactions within an open network environment without the need for a trusted third party through consensus mechanisms. The new computing paradigm and trust mechanism formed by blockchain technology contribute to the transformation of management models. The transparency of the ledger and the multi-party consensus mechanism in blockchain technology pose challenges to identity management in blockchain systems at the same time, where transactions serve as the smallest data unit. This paper provides insights into understanding blockchain identity identification and authentication methods and strengthens information discovery and value extraction in different application scenarios by reviewing the important research achievements in blockchain system identity management technology. This paper explains the characteristics of the UTXO model and the account model by discussing the characteristics of identity management in traditional systems and blockchain systems and clarifying the main contents of blockchain identity management. It further analyzes three types of blockchain system identity identification mechanisms: public key transformation, digital certificates and decentralized digital identity. It also examines three types of blockchain authentication methods: anonymous authentication, real-name authentication and controllable anonymous authentication. It finally offers prospects for the future development of blockchain identity management technology.

Key words: blockchain, identity management, identity identification, identity authentication