面向恶意节点攻击的车联网节点共识算法

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.2209-0469

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对车联网节点在共识过程中易受恶意节点攻击，造成区块链共识算法交易吞吐率低、交易时延长等问题，提出一种面向恶意节点攻击的车联网节点共识算法（NCCA）。NCCA将车联网网络划分若干个蜂窝单区域，通过节点的信用值分数确定可信任节点列表，并定期更新验证节点。采用票型权重不同的投票机制计算交易的投票票数，从而选择出需要进行共识的交易集。改进共识过程中区块验证的节点选择，选择高信用值验证节点完成共识。针对恶意节点攻击进行主动检测，提出一种多区域协同检测和单区域内局部检测的恶意节点二轮检测机制，对检测后的节点执行赋权和停权操作。实验结果表明，NCCA能高效检测出恶意节点，并降低性能较差节点和恶意节点对区块共识效率的影响，从而提高交易吞吐量并降低平均交易时延和平均节点通信开销，实现恶意节点攻击下的高效共识。

关键词: 车联网节点, 一致性共识, 区块链, 共识攻击, 恶意检测

Abstract: Aiming at the nodes in the internet of vehicles（IoV）, they are vulnerable to malicious node attacks during the consensus process, resulting in low transaction throughput and long transaction delays of the blockchain consensus algorithm. Therefore, the paper proposes a node consistency consensus algorithm for malicious node attacks in the IoV（NCCA）. Firstly, NCCA divides the network of the IoV into several cellular single regions. It determines the list of trusted nodes based on the credit score of nodes and updates the verification nodes periodically. Secondly, NCCA proposes a voting mechanism with different weights of voting types to calculate the voting number of transactions and select the set of transactions requiring consensus. It also improves the node selection of block verification in the process of consensus and selects high-credit value verification nodes to complete consensus. Finally, NCCA proposes a two-round detection mechanism of malicious nodes for the active detection of malicious node attacks, which combines multi-area cooperative detection and local detection in a single area, and implements the operations of empowering and stopping the detected nodes. Experimental results show that NCCA can efficiently detect malicious nodes and reduce the impact of poor performance nodes and malicious nodes on the efficiency of block consensus. NCCA can improve transaction throughput, reduce the average transaction delay and average node communication overhead, and realize efficient consensus under malicious node attacks.

Key words: node in IoV, consistency consensus, blockchain, consensus attack, malicious detection

杨长春, 章阳, 陈友荣, 缪克雷, 任条娟, 王章权. 面向恶意节点攻击的车联网节点共识算法[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2023, 59(19): 229-236.

YANG Changchun, ZHANG Yang, CHEN Yourong, MIAO Kelei, REN Tiaojuan, WANG Zhangquan. Node Consistency Consensus Algorithm for Malicious Node Attacks in Internet of Vehicles[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2023, 59(19): 229-236.

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