Abstract: Nowadays, as retail enterprises pay more attention to online sales, the fulfillment of online orders becomes a key factor affecting its market competitiveness. How to achieve low-cost and high-efficiency delivery is urgent for online orders. Combined with offline social logistics resources of occasional drivers, online orders of retail enterprises can be fulfilled with low cost. Therefore, an optimization model of dual-channel two-echelon distribution network considering outsourcing services is proposed in this paper, in which the available offline resources of occasional drivers are used as cooperative transportation tools and self-owned vehicles to fulfill online orders. The model is established with minimizing the total distribution cost, and a multi-stage algorithm is designed to solve the model. Finally, a case study is conducted to verify the model and algorithm, and the numeral experiment shows that the model considering outsourcing service can greatly reduce the driving distance, duration and total cost of self-operated vehicles. Meanwhile, the result of sensitivity analysis illustrates that parameters of the model and algorithm effect on the total cost significantly.

Key words: two-echelon, vehicle routing problem, outsourced services

摘要： 近年来，线上销售市场逐渐成为零售企业的主攻方向，线上订单的配送效率也成为影响企业市场竞争力的关键因素，因此，如何实现低成本高效率的线上订单配送服务是零售企业亟需解决的难题。随着共享平台的发展，可将零售企业的线上需求与线下闲置的社会物流资源进行耦合，以此实现具有成本效益的线上订单配送服务。提出考虑外协服务的零售双渠道两级配送方案，即将社会中闲置可用的物流资源作为协作车辆和自营车辆完成线上订单的配送，建立以最小化配送总成本为目标的两级配送模型，并采用多阶段算法对模型求解。以重庆某超市为例对模型与算法进行验证，并对影响总成本的参数进行灵敏度分析。结果表明，通过外协服务的零售双渠道两级配送模式，可大幅减少配送自营车辆的行驶距离、配送时间及总成本，达到降本增效的目的。

关键词: 两级配送, 车辆路径问题, 外协服务