Abstract: The Threshold-Stable Election Protocol（TSEP）does not consider the residual energy of the node and the distance from the node to the base station, which causes some low-energy nodes to die prematurely when the cluster head is elected. The cluster head also sends the data directly to the base station, which also causes the node to run out of energy and die prematurely. An improved energy-efficient routing algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks is proposed for the above problems. The new algorithm improves the threshold formula by considering the distance from the node to the base station, the number of neighbor nodes, the residual energy of the node and the average distance between the node and the neighbor node. The data forwarding path of the double-layer cluster head model is improved by the improved ant colony optimization algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm extends the life cycle of the network and improves the stability of the entire network.

Key words: heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, routing protocol, energy consumption, stable election protocol

摘要： 阈值稳定选举协议（Threshold-Stable Election Protocol，TSEP）没有考虑节点的剩余能量和节点到基站的距离，导致部分低能量节点当选簇头而过早死亡。而且簇头将数据直接发送给基站，也导致节点能量耗尽而过早死亡。针对以上问题，提出了一种改进的异构无线传感器网络节能路由算法。新算法通过考虑节点到基站的距离、节点的邻居节点数、节点的剩余能量以及节点与邻居节点的平均距离来改进阈值公式，通过改进的蚁群算法对双层簇头模型的数据转发路径进行优化。仿真结果表明，该算法延长了网络的生命周期，提高了整个网络的稳定性。

关键词: 异构无线传感器网络, 路由协议, 能耗, 稳定选举协议