Survey of Fuel Consumption Model for Motor Vehicle

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.2105-0311

Abstract

Abstract:

With the vigorous development of the transportation industry, the number of motor vehicles has increased sharply, which has led to excessive fuel consumption and emissions, and causes problems such as energy shortages and environmental pollution. Scholars at home and abroad are committed to the research of vehicle fuel consumption model, which aims to improve the accuracy of the model, reduce the fuel consumption of vehicles, and respond to the strategy of sustainable development. In this regard, according to different perspectives, the fuel emission models of motor vehicles are divided into two categories：the traditional fuel consumption model based on vehicle dynamics and the data driven fuel consumption model based on machine learning method. The two types of fuel consumption models are divided into various categories and introduced separately. The content includes the development process, advantages and disadvantages of various fuel consumption models and comparative analysis of various models, and an overview of the application status of various models, and future exploration of the application development direction. Finally, the fuel consumption model of motor vehicle is summarized and prospected.

Key words: motor vehicle, fuel consumption model, machine learning, data-driven, hybrid model

摘要：

随着交通运输业的蓬勃发展，机动车保有量急剧增长，从而导致燃油过度消耗与排放，引发了能源短缺与环境污染等问题。国内外学者致力于机动车燃油消耗模型的研究，旨在提高模型的准确率，降低车辆的燃油消耗，响应可持续发展战略。对此，依据不同的视角，将机动车的燃油消耗模型分为基于汽车动力学原理的传统油耗模型和基于机器学习方法的数据驱动油耗模型两大类。将这两大类的燃油消耗模型又分为各小类分别进行介绍，内容包含各类模型的发展历程、优缺点与对比分析，并对各类模型的应用现状进行概述，对未来应用发展方向进行探讨。最后对机动车的燃油消耗模型进行总结与展望。

关键词: 机动车, 燃油消耗模型, 机器学习, 数据驱动, 混合式模型

ZHANG Yuxi, DUAN Zongtao, ZHU Yishui, WANG Luyang, ZHOU Yi, GUO Yu. Survey of Fuel Consumption Model for Motor Vehicle[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2021, 57(24): 14-26.

张隅希，段宗涛，朱依水，王路阳，周祎，郭宇. 机动车油耗模型研究综述[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2021, 57(24): 14-26.

References

[1] YIN X，LI Z，SHAH S L，et al.Fuel efficiency modeling and prediction for automotive vehicles：a data-driven approach[C]//Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Systems.Washington D C，USA：IEEE，2016：2527-2532.
[2] LIU Y，TAN J.Green traffic-oriented heavy-duty vehicle emission characteristics of China VI based on portable emission measurement systems[J].IEEE Access，2020，8：106639-106647.
[3] SYED F U，FILEV D，TSENG F，et al.Adaptive real-time advisory system for fuel economy improvement in a hybrid electric vehicle[C]//Proceeding of NAFIPS 2009-2009 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society.Washington D C，USA：IEEE，2009：1-7.
[4] KYOUNGHO A.Microscopic fuel consumption and emission modeling[D].Blacksburg，Virginia，USA：Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University，1998.
[5] 张兰怡，胡喜生，邱荣祖.机动车尾气污染物排放模型研究综述[J].世界科技研究与发展，2017，39（4）：355-362.
ZHANG L Y，HU X S，QIU R Z.A review of research on emission models of vehicle exhausts[J].World Sci-Tech R&D，2017，39（4）：355-362.
[6] U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.User’s guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2：mobile source emission factor model：EPA420-R-03-010[R].US：EPA，2003.
[7] NTZIACHRISTOS L，SAMARAS Z.COPERT III，computer programme to calculate emissions from road transport[R].Copenhagen：European Environment Agency，2000.
[8] 王燕军，王鸣宇，吉喆，等.国外机动车排放模型综述研究[J].环境与可持续发展，2020，45（5）：159-164.
WANG Y J，WANG M Y，JI Z，et al.A review of foreign motor vehicle emission models[J].Environment and Sustainable Development，2020，45（5）：159-164.
[9] 傅立新，贺克斌，何东全，等.MOBILE汽车源排放因子计算模式研究[J].环境科学学报，1997（4）：89-94.
FU L X，HE K B，HE D Q，et al.Research on the calculation model of mobile automobile source emission factors[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae，1997（4）：89-94.
[10] 魏涛.车联网环境下汽车节能驾驶行为与速度优化方法研究[D].西安：长安大学，2019.
WEI T.Research on energy-saving driving behavior and speed optimization method in vehicle networking environment[D].Xi’an：Chang’an University，2019.
[11] EMRAH D，TOLGA B，GILBERT L.A comparative analysis of several vehicle emission models for road freight transportation[J].Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment，2011，16（5）：347-357.
[12] 田灵娣，樊守彬，张东旭，等.行驶速度对机动车尾气排放的影响[J].环境工程学报，2016，10（11）：6541-6548.
TIAN L D，FAN S B，ZHANG D X，et al.Influence of average speed on vehicle exhaust emissions[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering，2016，10（11）：6541-6548.
[13] 王敏.不同公路等级的汽车油耗和排放评估研究[D].西安：长安大学，2017.
WANG M.Evaluation research for automobile energy consumption and emissions at different highway grade[D].Xi’an：Chang’an University，2017.
[14] U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Draft motor vehicle emission simulator（MOVES）：user guide：EPA-420-B-09-008[R].Washington D C：U S Environmental Protection Agency，2009.
[15] JIM′ENEZ J L，MCLINTOCK P M，MCRAE G J，et al.Vehicle specific power：a useful parameter for remote sensing and emissions studies（PDF）[C]//Proceeding of Ninth CRC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop，San-
Diego，CA，April 1999.
[16] 金晨阳，陈军辉，范武波，等.机动车尾气排放模型应用及研究进展[J].环境科学导刊，2020，39（2）：42-48.
JIN C Y，CHEN J H，FAN W B，et al.Application and research progress of motor vehicle exhaust emission model[J].Environmental Science Survey，2020，39（2）：42-48.
[17] 冯红晶.基于VSP的山区高速公路商用车油耗计算模型研究[D].西安：长安大学，2016.
FENG H J.Study on fuel consumption algorithm model of commercial vehicles based on vsp for mountainous highway[D].Xi’an：Chang’an University，2016.
[18] FREY H，ROUPHAIL N，ZHAI H.Speed and facility-specific emission estimates for on-road light-duty vehicles on the basis of real-world speed profiles[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board，2006，1987：128-137.
[19] 宋国华.道路交通油耗与排放的微观测算模型综述[J].交通节能与环保，2010（1）：28-31.
SONG G H.Summary of micro-observation models for road traffic fuel consumption and emissions[J].Transport Energy Conservation & Environmental Protection，2010（1）：28-31.
[20] 赵瑞妮.基于车辆动力学的汽车油耗及排放评估[D].西安：长安大学，2018.
ZHAO R N.Evaluation research for fuel consumption and automobile emissions based on vehicle dynamics[D].Xi’an：Chang’an University，2018.
[21] 黄琼，于雷，杨方，等.机动车尾气排放评价模型研究综述[J].交通环保，2003（6）：28-31.
HUANG Q，YU L，YANG F，et al.A synthesis of mobile emission evaluation models[J].Environmental Protection in Transportation，2003（6）：28-31.
[22] BARTH M，AN F，YOUNGLOVE T，et al.Development of a comprehensive modal emissions model[R].Washington D C：NCHRP，2000.
[23] RAKHA H，AHN K，TRANI A.Development of VT-micro model for estimating hot stabilized light duty vehicle and truck emissions[J].Transportation Research Part D：Transport and Environment，2004，9（1）：49-74.
[24] 何春玉，王歧东.运用CMEM模型计算北京市机动车排放因子[J].环境科学研究，2006（1）：109-112.
HE C Y，WANG Q D.Vehicle emission factors determination using CMEM in Beijing[J].Research of Environmental Sciences，2006（1）：109-112.
[25] 单肖年，陈小鸿.交通仿真模型融合微观车辆排放模型研究综述[J].交通运输工程与信息学报，2021，19（2）：11-24.
SHAN X N，CHEN X H.Review on the studies that integrate traffic simulation models with microscopic vehicle emissions models[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information，2021，19（2）：11-24.
[26] 祝泰郎.基于异质驾驶行为的交通流微观建模与环境影响研究[D].北京：北京交通大学，2017.
ZHU T L.Study on microcosmic modeling of traffic flow and environmental effect based on heterogeneous driving behavior[D].Beijing：Beijing Jiaotong University，2017.
[27] 周敏.自动变速汽车坡道行驶的燃油经济性研究[D].北京：北京理工大学，2016.
ZHOU M.Research on the fuel economy of automatic transmission vehicles for running on the hilly roads[D].Beijing：Beijing Institute of Technology，2016.
[28] 金辉，周敏，李世杰.基于瞬态修正的车辆燃油消耗模型建模[J].北京理工大学学报，2017，37（5）：473-477.
JIN H，ZHOU M，LI S J.Transient correction transient fuel consumption modelling based on transient correction[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology，2017，37（5）：473-477.
[29] 赵晓华，姚莹，伍毅平，等.基于主成分分析与BP神经元网络的驾驶能耗组合预测模型研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息，2016，16（5）：185-191.
ZHAO X H，YAO Y，WU Y P，et al.Prediction model of driving energy consumption based on PCA and BP network[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology，2016，16（5）：185-191.
[30] CHEN Z，YANG C，CHEN A.Estimating fuel consumption and emissions based on reconstructed vehicle trajectories[J].Journal of Advanced Transportation，2014，48（6）：627-641.
[31] DENG L，YU D.Deep learning for signal and information processing[J].NOW Publishers，2013.
[32] WALNUM H J，SIMONSEN M.Does driving behavior matter? An analysis of fuel consumption data from heavy-duty trucks[J].Transportation Research Part D：Transport and Environment，2015，36（5）：107-120.
[33] CHEN Y C.Data-driven fuel consumption estimation：a multivariate adaptive regression spline approach[J].Transportation Research Part C，2017，83：134-145.
[34] 郭娟.基于存在交互项的多元线性回归汽车油耗预测模型[J].广西质量监督导报，2019（11）：138-140.
GUO J.Multiple linear regression vehicle fuel consumption prediction model based on the presence of interaction terms[J].Guangxi Quality Supervision Guide Periodical，2019（11）：138-140.
[35] ZENG W L，MIWA T，MORIKAWA T.Exploring trip fuel consumption by machine learning from gps and can bus data[J].Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies，2015，11：906-921.
[36] MORADI E，MIRANDA-MORENO L.Vehicular fuel consumption estimation using real-world measures through cascaded machine learning modeling[J].Transportation Research Part D，2020，88.
[37] SLAVIN D，ABOU-NASR M A，FILEV D P，et al.Empirical modeling of vehicle fuel economy based on historical data[C]//Proceeding of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks.New York，USA：IEEE，2013：1-6.
[38] DU Y M，WU J P，YANG S Y，et al.Predicting vehicle fuel consumption patterns using floating vehicle data[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences，2017，59（9）：24-29.
[39] LI Y，TANG G，DU J，et al.Multilayer perceptron method to estimate real-world fuel consumption rate of light duty vehicles[J].IEEE Access，2019，7：63395-63402.
[40] ZARGARNEZHAD S，DASHTI R，AHMADI R.Predicting vehicle fuel consumption in energy distribution companies using ANNs[J].Transportation Research Part D，2019，74：174-188.
[41] WYSOCKI O，DEKA L，ELIZONDO D，et al.Heavy duty vehicle fuel consumption modelling based on exploitation data by using artificial neural networks[C]//International Work Conference on Artificial Neural Networks，2019.
[42] SCHOEN A，BYERLY A，HENDRIX B，et al.A machine learning model for average fuel consumption in heavy vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology，2019，68（7）：6343-6351.
[43] XU Z G，WEI T，EASA S，et al.Modeling relationship between truck fuel consumption and driving behavior using data from internet of vehicles[J].Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering，2018，33（3）：209-219.
[44] KANARACHOS S，MATHEW J，FITZPATRICK M E.Instantaneous vehicle fuel consumption estimation using smartphones and recurrent neural networks[J].Expert Systems with Applications，2019，120：436-447.
[45] 张驰，郭媛，黎明.人工神经网络模型发展及应用综述[J].计算机工程与应用，2021，57（11）：57-69.
ZHANG C，GUO Y，LI M.Review of development and application of artificial neural network models[J].Computer Engineering and Applications，2021，57（11）：57-69.
[46] PING P，QIN W，XU Y，et al.Impact of driver behavior on fuel consumption：classification，evaluation and prediction using machine learning[J].IEEE Access，2019，7：78515-78532.
[47] LECUN Y，BENGIO Y，HINTON G.Deep learning[J].Nature，2015，521（7553）：436-444.
[48] ZHENG Y，LIU F，HSIEH H P.U-Air：when urban air quality inference meets big data.[C]//Proceeding of 19th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining（KDD）.New York，USA：ACM，2013：1436-1444.
[49] 郑宇.城市计算概述[J].武汉大学学报（信息科学版），2015，40（1）：1-13.
ZHENG Y.Overview of city computing[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University，2015，40（1）：1-13.
[50] 姜平，石琴.基于行驶工况特征的汽车燃油消耗的预测[J].汽车工程，2014，36（6）：643-647.
JIANG P，SHI Q.Vehicle fuel consumption prediction based on driving cycle characteristics[J].Automotive Engineering，2014，36（6）：643-647.
[51] 朱广宇，赵蕾，黄达，等.基于决策树方法的车辆油耗估计模型[J].交通运输系统工程与信息，2016，16（3）：200-206.
ZHU G Y，ZHAO L，HUANG D，et al.A method of vehicle fuel consumption estimation based on decision tree[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology，2016，16（3）：200-206.
[52] 朱建全.基于路段交通流状态的车辆燃油消耗的测算与分析[D].合肥：合肥工业大学，2017.
ZHU J Q.Calculation and analysis of vehicle fuel consumption based on traffic flow conditions of road segment[D].Hefei：Hefei University of Technology，2017.
[53] WICKRAMANAYAKE S，BANDARA H D.Fuel consumption prediction of fleet vehicles using machine learning：a comparative study[C]//Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference，2016：90-95.
[54] PERROTTA F，PARRY T，NEVES L C.Application of machine learning for fuel consumption modelling of trucks[C]//Proceedings of 2017 IEEE International Conference on Big Data（Big Data），Boston，MA，USA，2018.New York，USA：IEEE，2018：3810-3815.
[55] HENI H，DIOP S A，COELHO L C，et al.Measuring emissions in vehicle routing：new emission estimation models using supervised learning：FSA-2018-012[R].Canada：Laval University，2018.
[56] BOUSONVILLE T，DIRICHS M，KRüGER T.Estimating truck fuel consumption with machine learning using telematics，topology and weather data[C]//Proceedings of 2019 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Systems Management（IESM）.New York，USA：IEEE，2019：330-335.
[57] 马荣影，韩锐，艾曦锋，等.基于Python的汽车油耗多参数回归模型构建方法[J].公路交通科技，2020，37（6）：145-150.
MA R Y，HAN R，AI X F，et al.A method for constructing multi-parameter regression model of vehicle fuel consumption based on python[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development，2020，37（6）：145-150.
[58] WANG Q，ZHANG R，LV S，et al.Open-pit mine truck fuel consumption pattern and application based on multi-dimensional features and XGBoost[J].Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments，2021，43：100977.
[59] LI Q，JIA T.Correction of measured taxicab exhaust emission data based on CMEM modle[J].ISPRS-International Archives of the Photogrammetry，Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences，2017：1245-1250.
[60] 王凯，樊守彬，孙改红，等.基于行驶里程的北京市延庆区机动车排放清单建立及特征分析[J].环境工程技术学报，2019，9（2）：119-125.
WANG K，FAN S B，SUN G H，et al.Motor vehicles emission inventory at county level based on vehicle kilometers travel：a case study of Yanqing District of Beijing[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology，2019，9（2）：119-125.
[61] ZHOU M，JIN H.Development of a transient fuel consumption model[J].Transportation Research Part D Transport & Environment，2017，51：82-93.
[62] 张金辉，李克强，徐彪，等.基于最小二乘法的车辆瞬态燃油消耗估计[J].汽车工程，2018，40（10）：1151-1157.
ZHANG J H，LI K Q，XU B，et al.Estimation of vehicle instantaneous fuel consumption based on least square method[J].Automotive Engineering，2018，40（10）：1151-1157.
[63] ABAYA E，VERGELB K，SIGUAC R，et al.Instantaneous fuel consumption models of light duty vehicles and a case study on the fuel consumption at different traffic conditions in metro manila using shepard’s interpolation method[R].SAE International，2018.
[64] VILAA A，AGUIAR A，SOARES C.Estimating fuel consumption from gps data[C]//Proceeding of Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition & Image Analysis.Cham，Switzerlan：Springer，2015：672-682.
[65] MARZET A B，MONZóN A，RODRIGUEZ-ALLOZA A M，et al.Combined influence of traffic conditions，driving behavior，and type of road on fuel consumption.real driving data from Madrid Area[J].International Journal of Sustainable Transportation，2021（3）.
[66] GAO J，CHEN H，DAVE K，et al.Analysis of driving behaviours of truck drivers using motorway tests[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers，Part D：Journal of Automobile Engineering，2020，234（13）：3103-3111.
[67] 程颖，张佳乐，张少君，等.大型货运车辆生态驾驶及节油潜力评估[J].交通运输系统工程与信息，2020，20（6）：253-258.
CHENG Y，ZHANG J L，ZHANG S J，et al.Evaluation of eco-driving behavior and fuel-saving potential of large freight vehicles[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology，2020，20（6）：253-258.
[68] FARIA M V，BAPTISTA P C，FARIAS T L.Identifying driving behavior patterns and their impacts on fuel use[J].Transportation Research Procedia，2017，27：953-960.
[69] 韦煜.重型卡车驾驶行为管理的在线数据分析系统设计[D].南京：东南大学，2018.
WEI Y.Online data analysis system design for driving behavior management of heavy trucks[D].Nanjing：Southeast University，2018.
[70] YAO Y.Modeling of individual vehicle safety and fuel consumption under comprehensive external conditions[J].Transportation Research Part D，2020，79（C）：102224.
[71] SHANG J B，ZHENG Y，TONG W Z，et al.Inferring gas consumption and pollution emission of vehicles throughout a city[C]//Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining（KDD’14）.New York，USA：Association for Computing Machinery，2014：1027-1036.
[72] 杨亚联，邓淇元，刘强寿，等.混合动力耦合系统神经网络油耗模型构建[J].重庆大学学报，2019，42（7）：1-9.
YANG Y L，DENG Q Y，LIU Q S，et al.A neural network fuel consumption model hybrid of EVT system[J].Journal of Chongqing University，2019，42（7）：1-9.
[73] KAN Y，LIU H，LU X，et al.A deep learning engine power model for estimating the fuel consumption of heavy-duty trucks[C]//Proceedings of 2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference（ENERGYCon）.Washington D C，USA：IEEE Press，2020：182-187.
[74] YAO Y，ZHAO X，LIU C，et al.Vehicle fuel consumption prediction method based on driving behavior data collected from smartphones[J].Journal of Advanced Transportation，2020（11）：1-11.