Abstract: As the operation speed is constantly improving, the train operation control system has highly requirement on the accuracy of train’s location. The train will carry out a location check when passing through a position transponder, which makes location error become zero. However, the location error will increase as the train went away from the nearest relevant transponder. In order to solve this problem, this paper establishes a mathematical model on calculation of train’s location at first. Then, location estimation model of high-speed railway based on average speed method or least squares method are built. Finally, it validates the two models by use of measured data from Wuhan - Guangzhou high-speed railway. The results show that least squares model can halve the location error and estimate the train location better comparing with average speed method.

Key words: high-speed train, train location, transponder, average speed method, least-square method

摘要： 随着高铁列车运营速度的不断提高，列车运行控制系统对列车的定位精度要求也越来越高。每经过一个定位应答器，列车将进行一次位置校核，使定位误差变为0 m。但列车在相邻两应答器间的定位误差会随着列车不断的运行而逐渐增大。针对这一问题，建立了列车位置计算的数学模型，以及高速铁路列车位置估计的速度平均法模型和最小二乘法模型；利用武汉-广州高铁实测数据对模型进行验证。结果表明，与速度平均法模型相比，最小二乘法模型能减少一半的定位误差，能更好地估计列车的位置。

关键词: 高速铁路, 列车定位, 应答器, 速度平均法, 最小二乘法