Abstract: The artificial neural network contains the capabilities of self-adaptability，knowledge classification and pattern identification as well as the association of ideas and memories.The evaluation of mine disaster can be regarded as a problem of pattern identification.With the use of the BP Neural Network in this paper，a research model has been created to evaluate the mine disaster，whose arithmetic is given.The correctness of the model is validated by the result of real data in the way of the single hidden layer and the double hidden layers.

摘要： 人工神经网络具有自适应机制，通过训练和学习，达到对知识进行分类、模式判别、联想记忆等能力。矿山开采引发的灾害评估问题可以看作是一个模式识别问题。利用BP神经网络建立了一类矿山灾害评估模型，给出了计算方法，并以单隐层和双隐层两种网络结构使用实例做了计算和分析，验证了模型的正确性。