Survey of Adaptive MAC Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.2211-0090

Abstract

Abstract: Mobile Ad Hoc Network（MANET） has the characteristics of frequent node movement and dynamic topology, and the media access control（MAC） protocol, as the basic communication protocol followed by nodes to access wireless channel resources, is critical to network performance. With the diversification of application tasks and the increasing demand for quality of service（QoS）, it is critical to design an adaptive MAC protocol that can maintain good performance in a dynamic environment such as MANET. Firstly, the network characteristics and basic MAC protocol classification of MANET are summarized, and the challenges faced in MAC protocol design are analyzed. Then, starting from the improvement basis of different MAC protocols, the adaptive MAC protocols applied to complex network environments in recent years are expounded, and the characteristics, performance and limitations of each protocol are summarized and compared. Finally, the research progress of adaptive MAC protocol is summarized, and the next research direction is prospected.

Key words: mobile Ad Hoc network, media access control, adaptive media access control, network performance

摘要： 移动自组织网络（mobile Ad Hoc network，MANET）具有节点频繁移动、拓扑动态变化的特点，媒体接入控制（media access control，MAC）协议作为节点访问无线信道资源时所遵循的基本通信协议，对网络性能至关重要。随着应用任务的多样化和服务质量（quality of service，QoS）需求的提升，设计能够在MANET这种动态环境中保持较好网络性能的自适应MAC协议成为关键。概述了MANET的网络特性和基本MAC协议分类，分析了MAC协议设计时面临的挑战；从不同的MAC协议改进基础出发，阐述了近年来应用于复杂网络环境的自适应MAC协议，并归纳对比了这些协议的特点、性能及局限性等；总结了自适应MAC协议的研究进展，对下一步的研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 移动自组织网络, 媒体接入控制, 自适应媒体接入控制, 网络性能

YAN Tao, ZHAO Yifan, GAO Minghu, YANG Lujin, ZHOU Sida. Survey of Adaptive MAC Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2023, 59(11): 46-56.

闫涛, 赵一帆, 高明虎, 杨鲁晋, 周思达. 移动自组网中的自适应MAC协议研究综述[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2023, 59(11): 46-56.

References

[1] RAMPHULL D，MUNGUR A，ARMOOGUM S，et al.A review of mobile ad hoc network（MANET） protocols and their applications[C]//2021 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems（ICICCS），Madurai，May 6-8，2021.Piscataway：IEEE，2021：204-211.
[2] 洪洁.高动态飞行器自组织网络关键技术研究[D].北京：中国科学院大学（中国科学院国家空间科学中心），2019.
HONG J.Research on key technologies of highly dynamic flying Ad Hoc networks[D].Beijing：University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences），2019.
[3] CHITRA P，RANGANAYAKI T.A study on MANet：applications，challenges and issues[J].International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology（IJERT），2020，8（3）：1-4.
[4] 董超，陶婷，冯斯梦，等.面向无人机自组网和车联网的媒体接入控制协议研究综述[J].电子与信息学报，2022，44（3）：790-802.
DONG C，TAO T，FENG S M，et al.Overview on medium access control protocol in flying Ad-hoc networks and vehicular Ad-hoc networks[J].Journal of Electronics & Information Technology，2022，44（3）：790-802.
[5] 米阳.无人机自组网低时延MAC协议研究与设计[D].西安：西安电子科技大学，2020.
MI Y.Research and design of low-latency MAC protocol for UAV Ad hoc networks[D].Xi’an：Xidian University，2020.
[6] HU W，LI X，YOUSEFI’ZADEH H.LA-MAC：a load adaptive MAC protocol for MANETs[C]//2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference，Honolulu，Nov 30-Dec 4，2009.Piscataway：IEEE，2009：1-6.
[7] RAMASAMY V.Mobile wireless sensor networks：an overview[M]//Wireless sensor networks—insights and innovations.[S.l.]：InTech，2017：1-12.
[8] 和梦琪，施伟斌.无线传感器网络MAC协议研究综述[J].软件导刊，2021，20（12）：279-284.
HE M Q，SHI W B.A survey of MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks[J].Software Guide，2021，20（12）：279-284.
[9] 孙颖，陈思光.基于无人机工作模式选择的无线传感器网络数据传输[J].南京邮电大学学报（自然科学版），2021，41（6）：75-83.
SUN Y，CHEN S G.UAV working modes selection based data transmission for wireless sensor networks[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications（Natural Science Edition），2021，41（6）：75-83.
[10] PASANDIDEH F，DA C J P J，KUNST R，et al.A review of flying Ad Hoc networks：key characteristics，applications，and wireless technologies[J].Remote Sensing，2022，14（18）：4459.
[11] BEKMEZCI I，SAHINGOZ O K，TEMEL ?.Flying ad-hoc networks（FANETs）：a survey[J].Ad Hoc Networks，2013，11（3）：1254-1270.
[12] 卓琨，张衡阳，郑博，等.无人机自组网研究进展综述[J].电信科学，2015，31（4）：134-144.
ZHUO K，ZHANG H Y，ZHENG B，et al.Progress of UAV Ad Hoc network：a survey[J].Telecommunications Science，2015，31（4）：134-144.
[13] GHAFOOR S，BOUJNAH N，REHMANI M H，et al.MAC protocols for terahertz communication：a comprehensive survey[J].IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials，2020，22（4）：2236-2282.
[14] 金纯，陈林星，杨吉云.IEEE802.11无线局域网[M].北京：电子工业出版社，2004：72-100.
JIN C，CHEN L X，YANG J Y.IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN[M].Beijing：Publishing House of Electronics Industry，2004：72-100.
[15] MA M，LIU K，LUO X，et al.Review of MAC protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks[J].Sensors，2020，20（23）：6709.
[16] MEDINA D，HOFFMANN F，ROSSETTO F，et al.A geographic routing strategy for north atlantic in-flight internet access via airborne mesh networking[J].IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking，2011，20（4）：1231-1244.
[17] HOTA L，NAYAK B P，KUMAR A，et al.An analysis on contemporary MAC layer protocols in vehicular networks：state-of-the-art and future directions[J].Future Internet，2021，13（11）：287.
[18] DI DOMENICO A，PERNA G，TREVISAN M，et al.A network analysis on cloud gaming：stadia，GeForce now and PSNow[J].Network，2021，1（3）：247-260.
[19] RACA D，LEAHY D，SREENAN C J，et al.Beyond throughput，the next generation：a 5G dataset with channel and context metrics[C]//Proceedings of the 11th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference，Istanbul，Jun 8-11，2020.New York：ACM，2020：303-308.
[20] 孙鹏，李光明，汪付强，等.无线传感网混合类MAC协议研究综述[J].电讯技术，2016，56（12）：1417-1424.
SUN P，LI G M，WANG F Q，et al.A survey of hybrid MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks[J].Telecommunication Engineering，2016，56（12）：1417-1424.
[21] 代浩，金铭，陈星，等.数据驱动的应用自适应技术综述[J].计算机研究与发展，2022，59（11）：2549-2568.
DAI H，JIN M，CHEN X，et al.Survey of data-driven application self-adaptive technology[J].Journal of Computer Research and Development，2022，59（11）：2549-2568.
[22] GOMES A，MACEDO D F，VIEIRA L F M.Automatic MAC protocol selection in wireless networks based on reinforcement learning[J].Computer Communications，2020，149：312-323.
[23] HUANG X，LIU A，ZHOU H，et al.FMAC：a self-adaptive MAC protocol for flocking of flying Ad Hoc network[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal，2020，8（1）：610-625.
[24] WU C M，KAO Y C，CHANG K F，et al.A Q-learning-based adaptive mac protocol for Internet of things networks[J].IEEE Access，2021，9：128905-128918.
[25] SAKYA G，SHARMA V.ADMC-MAC：energy efficient adaptive MAC protocol for mission critical applications in WSN[J].Sustainable Computing：Informatics and Systems，2019，23：21-28.
[26] YANG X，WANG L，XIE J.Energy efficient cross-layer transmission model for mobile wireless sensor networks[J].Mobile Information Systems，2017：1346416.
[27] XU D，WANG K.An adaptive traffic MAC protocol based on correlation of nodes[J].EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking，2015，2015（1）：1-13.
[28] LI J，LU Y.Network traffic adaptive S-MAC protocol for wireless sensor network[C]//Proceedings of the 2018 Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems，2018：156-157.
[29] YE W，HEIDEMANN J，ESTRIN D.An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks[C]//Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies，New York，Jun 23-27，2002.Piscataway：IEEE，2002：1567-1576.
[30] SONG C M，TRINH-VAN S，YI S H，et al.Analysis of received power in RF wireless power transfer system with array antennas[J].IEEE Access，2021，9：76315-76324.
[31] SHA M，DOR R，HACKMANN G，et al.Self-adapting MAC layer for wireless sensor networks[C]//2013 IEEE 34th Real-Time Systems Symposium，Vancouver，Dec 3-6，2013.Piscataway：IEEE，2013：192-201.
[32] RHEE I，WARRIER A，AIA M，et al.Z-MAC：a hybrid MAC for wireless sensor networks[J].IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking，2008，16（3）：511-524.
[33] RHEE I，WARRIER A，MIN J，et al.DRAND：distributed randomized TDMA scheduling for wireless ad hoc networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing，2009，8（10）：1384-1396.
[34] HU W，YOUSEFI'ZADEH H，LI X.Load adaptive MAC：a hybrid MAC protocol for MIMO SDR MANETs[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications，2011，10（11）：3924-3933.
[35] YE Q，ZHUANG W，LI L，et al.Traffic-load-adaptive medium access control for fully connected mobile ad hoc networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology，2016，65（11）：9358-9371.
[36] WANG W，DONG C，WANG H，et al.Design and implementation of adaptive MAC framework for UAV ad hoc networks[C]//2016 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks（MSN），Hefei，Dec 16-18，2016.Piscataway：IEEE，2016：195-201.
[37] HSIEHT H，LIN K Y，WANG P C.A hybrid MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks[C]//2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Networking，Sensing and Control，Taipei，China，Apr 9-11，2015.Piscataway：IEEE，2015：93-98.
[38] HUANG K C，JING X，RAYCHAUDHURI D.MAC protocol adaptation in cognitive radio networks：an experimental study[C]//Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks，San Francisco，Aug 3-6，2009.Piscataway：IEEE，2009：1-6.
[39] CORDEIRO J R S，MACEDO D F，VIEIRA L F M.FS-MAC：a flexible MAC platform for wireless networks[C]//2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference（WCNC），Barcelona，Apr 15-18，2018.Piscataway：IEEE，2018：1-6.
[40] JOORIS B，BAUWENS J，RUCKEBUSCH P，et al.Taisc：a cross-platform MAC protocol compiler and execution engine[J].Computer Networks，2016，107：315-326.
[41] GAMBELLA C，GHADDAR B，NAOUM-SAWAYA J.Optimization problems for machine learning：a survey[J].European Journal of Operational Research，2021，290（3）：807-828.
[42] QIAO M，ZHAO H，WANG S，et al.MAC protocol selection based on machine learning in cognitive radio networks[C]//2016 19th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications（WPMC），Shenzhen，Nov 14-16，2016.Piscataway：IEEE，2016：453-458.
[43] WANG W，DONG C，ZHU S，et al.DFRA：demodulation-free random access for UAV ad hoc networks[C]//2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications（ICC），Paris，May 21-25，2017.Piscataway：IEEE，2017：1-6.
[44] KOU K，LEI L，ZHANG L，et al.Intelligent selection：a neural network-based MAC protocol-selection mechanism for wireless ad hoc networks[C]//2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Communication Technology（ICCT），Xi’an，Oct 16-19，2019.Piscataway：IEEE，2019：424-429.
[45] ZHANG M，DONG C，HUANG Y.FS-MAC：an adaptive MAC protocol with fault-tolerant synchronous switching for FANETs[J].IEEE Access，2019，7：80602-80613.