Abstract: Aiming at the lack of universality of virtual assembly system in the field of intelligent manufacturing, an online universal virtual assembly system is proposed. Based on the traditional virtual assembly method, the system developes a general assembly algorithm for the complex hierarchical model, combines with the assembly management database to freely plan the assembly sequence, realized online virtual assembly based on the client website, and users can upload 3D model data independently and carry out visual assembly logic design. The high computing performance and rendering performance of the cloud server can reduce the requirement of the client hardware, which is convenient for the unified maintenance and update of the system. It has the characteristics of convenience, flexibility and easy generalization. The feasibility of the system is tested by taking the three models of aircraft, aeroengine and automobile engine as examples, and the interactive performance of the system is tested by taking the virtual assembly of aircraft as an example. The experimental results show that the system is universal for different mechanical products. Among them, taking aircraft as an example, in the 130 s assembly period, the maximum interval time of man-machine interaction per frame is 10.9 ms, the minimum is 6.8 ms, and the average interval time is 8.79 ms. The human-machine interaction performance is good, and the picture is natural and smooth.

Key words: intelligent manufacturing, universal virtual assembly, visual, cloud service

摘要： 针对智能制造领域存在的虚拟装配系统通用性不足的问题，提出一种在线通用虚拟装配系统。该系统在传统虚拟装配方法的基础上研发了针对复杂层次化模型的通用装配算法，结合装配管理数据库自由规划装配序列，基于客户端网站实现在线虚拟装配，用户可自主上传三维模型数据并进行可视化装配逻辑设计，利用云服务器端的高计算性能和渲染性能降低客户端硬件要求，便于系统统一维护和更新，具有便捷性、灵活性、易推广的特点。以飞机、航空发动机、汽车发动机三种模型为例对系统的可行性进行检验，并且，以飞机虚拟装配为例，对系统的交互性能进行测试。实验结果表明，对于不同机械产品，系统具有通用性，其中，以飞机为例的130 s装配时段中，人机交互的每帧间隔时间最大为10.9 ms，最小为6.8 ms，平均间隔时间为8.79 ms，人机交互性能良好，能够满足用户交互需求。

关键词: 智能制造, 通用虚拟装配, 可视化, 云服务