Abstract: This paper investigates the recognition process of Japanese Kanji and sentences for Chinese bilinguals and native Japanese speakers（NJS），by analyzing the event-related potential（ERP） differences between the two groups while they visually recognize Japanese Kanji and sentences.The results show that no significant differences are found between the two groups while they recognize Japanese Kanji，but significant differences are found in Japanese sentences condition，which demonstrate that the neural mechanisms of recognition process of Japanese sentences including kana between the two groups are not identical.Chinese bilinguals recognize Japanese sentences slower and more difficult than NJS.When recognizing ambiguous sentences，Chinese bilinguals’ P600 only appeare over the right frontal lobe，reflecting that syntactic integration and revision of ambiguous sentences for Chinese bilinguals is related with the right hemisphere.The results show that，for Chinese bilinguals，the difficulty of Japanese language learning is the recognition and understanding of Japanese sentences with kana，not Japanese Kanji.A scientific learning method is provided for Chinese bilinguals to enhance their Japanese language learning efficiency from the aspect of brain science，and the brain science evidences is provided for the natural language processing of human brain simulation in the field of Artificial Intelligence.

摘要： 通过分析中国人双语者和日本人母语者视觉认知日语汉字和句子时的ERP的差异，探讨了两组对日语词句认知的特点。研究结果表明，中日两组在认知日语汉字时没有明显的差异，而在认知日语句子时存在着显著性差异，证明了两组认知含有假名的日语句子的神经机制不同。中国人对句子的认知速度慢于日本人，困难程度大于日本人。认知日语歧义句时，出现在中国人右前头叶的激活，反映了中国人对歧义句的句法再分析与右半球也相关。通过实验结果得出，对于中国人来说，日语学习的难点不是日语汉字，而是对包含有假名的句子的认知理解。从脑科学的角度为中国人双语者提高日语学习效果提供科学的学习方法，为人工智能模拟人脑的语言处理提供脑科学依据。