Abstract:

All transactions in the cryptocurrency represented by bitcoin are stored in a public database called blockchain. With the widespread use of cryptocurrency, the security issues of currency loss and theft have become more and more prominent. Cryptocurrency is often used through wallets for convenience and security reasons. The most important data stored in the wallet is the user’s private key, which is the unique identifier of the ownership of encrypted digital currency. Once lost or stolen, there will be irreparable losses. According to the storage and use mode of private key, the wallet is divided into four types：hardware wallet, software wallet, managed wallet and threshold wallet, and several popular wallet schemes are introduced. Through the analysis and comparison of the convenience, security and efficiency of various wallet schemes, the advantages and disadvantages of various wallet schemes are summarized, and the development trend of future wallet schemes is proposed.

Key words: blockchain, blockchain security, wallet scheme, private key

摘要：

以比特币为代表的加密数字货币涉及的所有交易会存储在一个被称为区块链的公共数据库中。随着加密数字货币的普及应用，货币丢失、被盗等安全性问题愈发突出。出于便利性和安全性考虑，加密数字货币通常通过钱包来进行使用。钱包中存储的最重要的数据是用户的私钥，这也是加密数字货币所有权的唯一标识，一旦丢失或者被盗将带来无法挽回的损失。针对区块链钱包方案进行研究，根据私钥的储存和使用方式将钱包分为硬件钱包、软件钱包、托管钱包和门限钱包四种类型，并介绍了目前较流行的几种钱包方案。通过对各种钱包方案使用便利性、安全性、效率等方面的分析和比较，总结了各类钱包方案的优点以及存在的不足，并给出了未来钱包的发展趋势。

关键词: 区块链, 区块链安全, 钱包方案, 私钥