Abstract: Taking the lowest costs as the objective function, the total costs of distribution include the following costs：the fixed costs of distribution vehicles, transportation costs, damage costs of fresh agricultural product, refrigeration costs, carbon emissions costs in the process of delivery, penalty costs due to not meeting the customers’required service time windows. The distribution route optimization model of fresh agricultural products considering carbon emissions is constructed. An improved ant colony algorithm combined with 2-opt local search mechanism is proposed to solve the model. With a numerical example, the effectiveness of the model and the algorithm is proved, and the sensitivity of the parameters in algorithm is analyzed with the numerical example. The simulation results and algorithm comparison show that the model and the algorithm are effective, and can provide reference for logistics enterprises’ distribution decision.

Key words: carbon emission, vehicle routing problem, cold logistics, fresh agricultural product, ant colony algorithm

摘要： 综合考虑配送车辆的固定成本、运输成本、生鲜农产品的货损成本、制冷成本、配送过程中产生的碳排放成本，以及因未满足客户要求的服务时间窗而产生的惩罚成本作为目标函数，构建考虑碳排放的生鲜农产品配送路径优化模型，提出了解决该问题的一种结合2-opt局部搜索机制的改进蚁群算法，并用实例对模型及算法的有效性进行验证，同时对算法参数进行了敏感性分析。仿真实验及算法对比结果证明模型和算法是有效的，可以为物流企业的配送决策提供参考。

关键词: 碳排放, 车辆路径问题, 冷链物流, 生鲜农产品, 蚁群算法