关键词: 疏散领导者, 多出口, 社会力模型, 人群疏散, 低能见度

Abstract:

In order to improve the evacuation efficiency of multi-exit venues, and in response to the problem of evacuation of multi-exit venues in low visibility environment, this paper has added the attractiveness of leaders and the scope of visibility to the basic social force model, and the evacuation simulation model of multi-exit venues in low visibility environment is established to study the effects of crowd evacuation behavior and evacuation leaders on evacuation results under low visibility conditions. In the improved social force model, only other individuals or walls within the visibility range have psychological influence on the person to be evacuated, and only the evacuation leader and the individuals near the exit can accurately determine the exit position, while other individuals can only rely on the environmental information or the leadership of the evacuation leader within the visibility range to evacuate. The simulation results show that the above model can simulate the evacuation scene of multi-exit venues in low visibility environment. Each evacuation leader chooses the nearest exit as the evacuation direction, and the ordinary individuals will follow most individuals or evacuation leaders within the visibility range. And the presence of the evacuation leader and setting his initial position can improve evacuation efficiency.

Key words: evacuation leader, multi-exit, social force model, pedestrian evacuation, low visibility