Abstract:

To better simulate micro-individual behavior during pedestrian evacuation, considering the pedestrian’s body radius and the pedestrian’s walking speed change with the movement state during the evacuation process, the operational rules of social force model are introduced into the cellular automaton model, it develops a new evacuation model with finer discretization of space , higher walking velocities and walking speed calculated by social force model for simulating pedestrian evacuation process in an emergency. In this model, the space is divided into smaller grids, each pedestrian occupies one or more cells, the pedestrian’s body radius is not constant, and the distance each pedestrian moves is determined by its speed. According to the exit selection method based on speed and the law of pedestrian movement, the dynamics of evacuation process is studied through numerical simulation analysis. It finds that speed-based grid movement quantity, pedestrian quantity, desired speed, different radii of pedestrians and the relaxation time affect the evacuation efficiency. This study is helpful for discrete models to depict the feature of pedestrian microscopic behaviors, combining the advantages of continuous models.

Key words: cellular automaton, pedestrian evacuation, social force model, individual micro-behavior

摘要：

为更好模拟行人疏散过程中微观个体行为，考虑行人身材半径及在疏散过程中行人步行速度随运动状态变化，将社会力模型运行规则引入元胞自动机模型，建立了一种社会力模型计算步行速度、空间离散化程度和步行速度较高的疏散模型，用于模拟紧急情况下的行人疏散过程。在该模型中空间划分为更小网格，每个行人占用一到多个单元格，行人的身材半径不再不变，每个行人移动的距离由其速度决定，根据基于速度的出口选择方法和行人运动规律，通过数值模拟分析，研究了疏散过程中的动态性。研究表明基于速度的网格移动数量、行人数量、期望速度、行人身材半径、松弛时间等参数影响疏散效率，结合连续模型的优点能够更加客观真实刻画疏散过程，有助于离散模型描述行人疏散微观行为特征。

关键词: 元胞自动机, 行人疏散, 社会力模型, 个体微观行为