Abstract:

Load balance is a key constraint in the process of container loading, which is difficult to meet during mixed loading of light and heavy cargo. How to accurately quantify load balance and achieve mixed balanced loading of light and heavy cargo needs to be studied urgently. Taking the container mixed balanced loading problem of light and heavy cargo as the research object, building the load balance functions of container truck, and considering the constraints of load balance, position, weight and rotation, a model is put forward. Depending on the degree of impact on load balance, the cargo to be loaded is classified to create different cargo units. Using heuristic methods such as evaluation function and central skeleton, an algorithm for the model is designed. 3, 000 instances demonstrate that the proposed model and algorithm can ensure that the container volume utilization is not less than 90%, while the load balance constraint satisfaction rate is more than 96.07%.

Key words: container loading, mixed loading, balanced loading, load balance, cargo unit

摘要：

负载平衡是集装箱装运过程中的基本约束，轻重货物混合装载时较难满足，如何精确量化负载平衡、实现轻重货物混合平衡装载亟待研究。以集装箱轻重货物混合平衡装载问题为研究对象，构造负载平衡函数，综合考虑负载平衡、位置、重量和旋转等约束，建立轻重货物混合平衡装载模型；根据对负载平衡的影响程度，将待装货物分类组成轻重货物单元，在采用评估函数和中心骨架等启发式方法分类处理的基础上，设计轻重货物混合平衡装载算法。3 000个算例表明：所提出的模型和算法能够在保证集装箱容积利用率不低于90%的同时使负载平衡约束满足率达96.07%以上。

关键词: 集装箱装载布局, 混合装载, 平衡装载, 负载平衡, 货物单元