Abstract:

In order to improve the evacuation efficiency of multi-exit venues, and in response to the problem of evacuation of multi-exit venues in low visibility environment, this paper has added the attractiveness of leaders and the scope of visibility to the basic social force model, and the evacuation simulation model of multi-exit venues in low visibility environment is established to study the effects of crowd evacuation behavior and evacuation leaders on evacuation results under low visibility conditions. In the improved social force model, only other individuals or walls within the visibility range have psychological influence on the person to be evacuated, and only the evacuation leader and the individuals near the exit can accurately determine the exit position, while other individuals can only rely on the environmental information or the leadership of the evacuation leader within the visibility range to evacuate. The simulation results show that the above model can simulate the evacuation scene of multi-exit venues in low visibility environment. Each evacuation leader chooses the nearest exit as the evacuation direction, and the ordinary individuals will follow most individuals or evacuation leaders within the visibility range. And the presence of the evacuation leader and setting his initial position can improve evacuation efficiency.

Key words: evacuation leader, multi-exit, social force model, pedestrian evacuation, low visibility

摘要：

为了提高多出口场馆人群疏散效率，针对低能见度环境下多出口场馆人群疏散问题，在基本的社会力模型上加入了领导者吸引力和能见度范围的限制，建立了低能见度环境下多出口场馆人群疏散仿真模型，研究低能见度条件下人群疏散行为及疏散领导者对疏散结果的影响。在改进的社会力模型中，每个待疏散人员只对能见度范围内的其他个体或墙壁存在心理作用力，并且只有疏散领导者和出口附近的个体能够准确地判断出口位置，而其他个体只能根据能见度范围内的环境信息或疏散领导者的领导进行疏散。仿真结果显示，该模型可以较好地模拟出低能见度环境下多出口场馆人群疏散情形，疏散领导者选择距离最近的出口为疏散方向，普通个体会跟随能见度范围内的大多数个体或疏散领导者进行疏散，且疏散领导者的存在和其初始位置的合理设定能够提高疏散效率。

关键词: 疏散领导者, 多出口, 社会力模型, 人群疏散, 低能见度