Abstract: Human behavior determines the spatial and temporal distribution of people in emergency evacuation, which is the key to study evacuation dynamics. This paper divides people into four categories： panic crowd, vulnerable crowd, calm crowd and administrative crowd considering their behavior characteristics and psychological status in evacuation. The paper describes the evacuation behavior characteristics of various crowds based on the social force model, and analyzes the evacuation dynamics in different situations. Simulation results demonstrate that the panic psychology of pedestrians can be spread among the crowd and it also performs obvious effect on the evacuation behavior of other pedestrians. On the other hand, the administrative crowd has a positive impact on the whole evacuation, which is significant when the ratio is between 10% and 15%. Furthermore, reasonably locating the administrative crowd will improve the evacuation efficiency. It also finds the higher the level of compliance, the higher the evacuation efficiency. The categorized pedestrian evacuation behavior model can provide theoretical support for the evaluation and optimization of building evacuations.

Key words: evacuation behavior, social force model, evacuation modeling, panic crowd, leadership effect

摘要： 人员行为决定了应急疏散时人群的时空分布，是研究疏散动力学的关键。考虑疏散时人员的心理特性与身份状态，将人群分为恐慌人群、易感人群、冷静人群和管理人群四类，基于社会力模型表达各类人群的疏散行为特征，并开展不同情境的疏散动力学过程分析。研究发现行人的恐慌心理具有传播作用，对其他行人的疏散行为有明显的影响，而管理人员的引导作用对疏散有积极影响，当其比例在10%~15%的时候效果显著，且合适的位置更易提高疏散效率；人员的服从水平越大，疏散效率越高。提出的分类人群疏散行为模型能为建筑安全疏散评估与优化提供理论支持。

关键词: 疏散行为, 社会力模型, 疏散模型, 恐慌人群, 引导作用