Abstract: In order to improve the scalability of enterprise-level applications, the microservice-based software architecture can be used to divide a monolithic application into a set of small services which can cooperate with each other. This will allow us to develop these services freely, deploy them independently and maintain them easily, so it can satisfy the demand of business development better. At present, as specific solutions of the microservices architecture, some microservices frameworks have been successfully implemented by many large enterprise and open source. This paper mainly discusses and compares the concepts of service-oriented architecture, Web services and microservices, and presents the key technologies and core functional modules in the practice of microservices architecture. Then, it analyzes and compares the characteristics and core components of mainstream implementation frameworks of microservices architecture. Finally, it analyzes the challenges of microservices composition and service composition schemes in microservice framework, and summarizes this paper.

Key words: monolithic application, Service-Oriented Architecture（SOA）, Web service, microservices, microservice framework

摘要： 为提高企业级应用的可伸缩性，基于微服务的软件体系结构将单体应用细化为可相互协作、配合的一组小服务，使得服务间开发自由、独立部署、易于维护，更好地满足企业发展需求。目前，微服务框架作为微服务架构的具体实现方案，已被很多大型企业成功实施并开源。论述面向服务体系结构、Web服务及微服务相关概念并作比较；给出微服务体系结构实践中的关键技术以及核心功能模块；分析对比主流微服务体系结构实施框架及其核心部件的特征和差异；探讨微服务组合面临的挑战及微服务框架中的服务组合方案，并总结全文。

关键词: 单体应用, 面向服务体系结构（SOA）, Web服务, 微服务, 微服务框架