Abstract: Edge detection is a key process in the field of image processing and machine vision, which can be used to the evaluation of product appearance quality and the improvement of technical route. Improving the traditional algorithm and designing new algorithm has become the research focus of image edge detection technology. This paper summarizes the basic principle of 2D image edge detection and the latest research progress of all kinds of edge detection algorithm. The first and second order differential operators are compared in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, location accuracy, and the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm are analyzed. At the same time, it also summarizes the new progress of the modern edge detection algorithm in digital image processing, and points out the advantages and application features of the new algorithm in modern digital image processing.

Key words: image process, edge detection, signal-to-noise ratio, localization accuracy, edge response

摘要： 边缘检测技术是图像处理和机器视觉领域的关键环节，可用于产品外观质量的评价和技术路线的改进。改进传统算法和设计新算法已成为图像边缘检测技术的研究热点。总结了二维图像边缘检测的基本原理和各类边缘检测算法的最新研究进展，分别从信噪比、定位精度、单边缘响应和计算效率等方面对一阶和二阶微分算子进行算法对比，分析了各算法的优缺点。同时也总结了现代边缘检测算法在数字图像处理用的新进展，指出了新算法在现代数字图像处理中的优势和应用特点。

关键词: 图像处理, 边缘检测, 信噪比, 定位精度, 边缘响应