Abstract: In stable election protocol, the selection of cluster head node does not consider the residual energy of node. This causes that some nodes with lower energy are used as cluster head to make it die early. The selected cluster head directly sends data to base station in stable election protocol, so this causes the cluster head node that is far from the base station to consume lot energy to die early. To solve this problem, an advanced multi-hop cluster routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks is proposed. The algorithm combines the idea of clustering and multi-hop communication together to introduce the residual energy and the density of the nodes as weights to select cluster head nodes. The new algorithm sets up a low cost routing mechanism between the cluster head and the base station with improved Dijkstra algorithm to realize the multi-hop communication. The simulation results show that compared with SEP and enhanced SEP routing algorithm, the new algorithm reduces the energy consumption of the whole network and prolongs the stable period and lifetime of the network.

Key words: stable election protocol, clustering, multi-hop, energy consumption, lifetime

摘要： 稳定选举协议因没考虑节点的剩余能量，造成一些低能量节点当选为簇头而过早死亡，而且选出的簇头将数据直接发送给基站，导致部分距离基站较远的节点能量消耗过大而死亡。针对这两个问题，提出了一种适应于异构环境的改进的无线传感器网络路由算法。该算法在簇头选取过程中，加入节点的剩余能量和邻居节点数，使得具有较高的剩余能量且分布在密集区域中的节点当选为簇头的概率增大，并参考图论中的Dijkstra算法，实现簇头到基站低代价传输的多跳通信。仿真结果表明，与传统的稳定选举协议及其改进算法对比，该算法降低了网络的能量消耗，明显地延长了网络的稳定期和生命周期。

关键词: 稳定选举协议, 分簇, 多跳, 能量消耗, 生命周期