Abstract: In wireless sensor networks, considering improving energy efficiency and latency performance, this paper proposes a new WSN protocol, which includes design of both network layer and MAC layer, called GG-MAC. GG-MAC builds the gradient funnel with the sensors’ major and minor gradient, related to the relative distance from sink. In order to assure the transmission continuity, GG-MAC adopts staggered wakeup schedule according to the major gradient of nodes. Also, the coordinative back-off channel access time adapts to nodes’ minor gradient. Simulation results show that GG-MAC provides significant energy savings and latency reduction.

Key words: Wireless Sensor Network（WSN）, geographic gradient, staggered schedule, coordinative back-off, latency, energy consumption

摘要： 在无线传感器网络中，针对提高能量有效性和降低延时的问题，提出GG-MAC协议，从网络层和MAC层综合的角度来提高WSN性能。在GG-MAC中，感知节点首先根据与汇聚节点的相对距离获取粗、细粒度梯度值，建立梯度漏斗；根据粗粒度梯度值选择适当的唤醒时间，使在数据汇聚方向的节点依次被唤醒；采用协调性回退策略，依据细粒度梯度值设定差异性的信道接入时间。仿真结果表明，GG-MAC节省了能量消耗，并降低了传输时延。

关键词: 无线传感器网络, 位置梯度, 交错调度, 协调性回退, 时延, 能耗