Abstract: In order to solve the lacking situation of reliability evaluating and accident reconstruction method of truck escape ramps at long and steep downgrade sections of highway, a three-dimensional kinetics simulation method of truck escape ramp is put forward based on accident reconstruction software PC-Crash. The method uses classical Bekker theory to model the characteristics of arrester bed. Specific operating steps to reconstruct the escaping process are provided detailed, the calibration and other key issues are also discussed. Besides, a set of test results about the length of escape ramp under different parameter combination is received based on the new method. An application case is introduced. The new method is mainly used for testing the slop, length, and arrester bed in intuitional and quantitative way, it can also be used for 3D-reconstructing accidents happened in the escape ramp.

Key words: traffic safety, three-dimensional simulation;truck escape ramp, accident reconstruction, PC-Crash

摘要： 针对目前公路长大下坡路段避险车道可靠性评价方法及其事故再现方法缺失的问题，利用交通事故再现软件PC-Crash，以经典的贝克理论作为模拟制动床集料特性的理论模型，提出了一种具有动力学响应输出的避险车道事故三维仿真方法；给出了利用PC-Crash再现制动失效车辆利用避险车道避险过程的具体流程，讨论了其中的关键问题和参数标定方法；给出了不同参数组合下避险车道制动床所需长度的试验结果，介绍了一个工程应用案例。该方法主要用于直观、定量地测试避险车道的坡度、长度、集料特性等参数或三维再现具体的避险车道事故过程。

关键词: 交通安全, 动态仿真, 避险车道, 事故再现, PC-Crash