Abstract: Loading and reinforcement decision problem on railway out-of-gauge and enhanced-load goods with large, big, super heavy and costly features is a typical semi-structured problem because of lots of influence factors and few factors are expressed quantitatively. A reasonable extension and case-based reasoning technique for loading and reinforcement decision problem is thus vital for improving secure loading level and transport quality. Combining with features and decision factors about such problem, and with extension and basic element and also case-based reasoning technique, extension and basic element models for case-based reasoning data block and rules one are designed. Characteristics of the extension case attributes are analyzed and calculating formulas for local and global similarities among different attributes and cases are designed. An extension and case-based reasoning algorithm for such problem is further put forward to achieve its solution for new cases to be solved. The instance shows that such extension and case-based reasoning method put forward in the paper can make reasonable and secure loading and reinforcement arrangement and also solve the loading and reinforcement decision problem on railway out-of-gauge and enhanced-load goods effectively.

Key words: railway out-of-gauge and enhanced-load goods, loading and reinforcement, extension and basic element model, case-based reasoning, similarity

摘要： 铁路超限超重货物具有长大、笨重和价值昂贵等特征，装载加固影响因素众多且无法完全量化表达，超限超重货物装载加固决策问题是一个半结构化问题，设计装载加固可拓实例推理技术对提升铁路超限超重货物安全装载水平和运输质量尤为重要。结合铁路超限超重货物特征及其装载加固决策要素，采用可拓基元与实例推理技术，构造超限超重货物装载加固实例推理基础数据与推理规则模块的可拓基元模型，分析装载加固可拓实例属性取值特征，给出局部与全局相似度计算公式，设计超限超重货物装载加固可拓实例推理算法，确定待解实例的解。实例运用表明所给出的可拓实例推理方法可制定出合理安全的装载加固方案，切实有效解决铁路超限超重货物装载加固决策问题。

关键词: 铁路超限超重货物, 装载加固, 可拓基元模型, 实例推理, 相似度