Abstract: LEACH（Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy） is a classical routing protocol for WSN which takes the adaptive clustering algorithm. All nodes will bear the energy consumption averagely, which can extend network lifetime in a manner. However, the cluster head of LEACH routing protocol is generated randomly, it doesn’t consider the node’s residual energy, also doesn’t achieve the most optimal cluster head-selection purpose. The cluster head of LEACH routing protocol communicates with the base station. If the distance is far between them, it will bring greater energy loss. This paper combines LEACH and some of the existing improved LEACH algorithm, then proposes a new routing protocol（Advance-Leach）. It integrates the node’s residual energy, location and the number of cluster head nodes, which takes strategy of hop and multi-hop combination between the cluster head and the base station. It effectively reduces energy consumption and ensures the network load balance. Simulation results show that some performances get effective improvement for example the energy consumption of the protocol, data rate successfully received and so on. It extends the life cycles of nodes and network.

Key words: Wireless Sensor Network（WSN）, Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy（LEACH）, Advance-Leach, reduction in energy consumption, load balancing

摘要： LEACH（Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy）是一种经典的WSN分层路由协议，它采取自适应分簇算法，一定程度上延长了网络生存期。然而LEACH路由协议的簇头随机产生，没有考虑节点的剩余能量，未达到簇头最优。LEACH簇头与基站直接通信，如果两者距离较远，则会带来较大的能量损耗。结合LEACH及LEACH现有的一些改进算法，提出了一种新的路由协议（Advance-Leach）。它综合考虑了节点的剩余能量和簇首节点数目，簇头和基站之间采用单跳和多跳结合策略，有效地降低了能耗，保证了网络负载的平衡。仿真结果表明：该协议的能耗、数据成功接收率等性能得到了有效提高，延长了节点和网络的生命周期。

关键词: 无线传感器网络（WSN）, 低功耗自适应集簇分层型协议（LEACH）, Advance-Leach, 能耗降低, 负载平衡