Abstract: Aiming at the requirement of interaction in complex virtual environments，a hierarchical model of 3D interaction tasks is proposed in view of the implementation of high-level application.Based on this model，semantics constraint in virtual scene，which closely related to the characteristics of special VR applications，is introduced into the design of 3D interaction techniques.As examples，several typical navigation and manipulation techniques supporting high-level interaction tasks are developed.By virtue of scene semantics constraint，multiple interaction techniques and metaphors are integrated effectively and smooth transition among these techniques are realized naturally.

Key words: virtual reality, 3D interaction technique, semantics, constraint, metaphor

摘要： 针对复杂虚拟环境下的交互需求，从面向高层应用的角度对交互任务进行分析，提出三维交互任务的层次模型。结合应用特点，将虚拟场景中的语义约束引入到三维交互技术的设计中，实现了多种面向高层应用的导航技术和选择操作技术，并在不同交互技术和操作隐喻模式之间实现了自然的融合和平滑的转换。用户界面利用这些语义约束更好地感知和理解用户的交互意图，实现更为直观、高效的三维交互过程。

关键词: 虚拟现实, 三维交互技术, 语义, 约束, 隐喻