山区生鲜物流卡车-无人机联合集货路径规划

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.2408-0412

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 山区道路环境恶劣，部分区域卡车无法通行，导致生鲜农产品集货效率低下，严重影响其新鲜度与质量。为此，提出卡车-无人机联合集货模式，利用无人机为卡车无法通行区域客户提供集货服务。综合考虑山区道路通行状况、无人机能耗、容量、飞行速度、生鲜农产品新鲜度、卡车容量与速度等因素，以总集货成本最小为目标，构建卡车-无人机联合集货的路径规划模型，并根据模型特性设计混合遗传算法进行求解，采用多类型算例开展仿真实验。计算结果表明，所提方法能够在较短时间内科学规划卡车-无人机联合集货路径，提升集货时效性，有效保障生鲜农产品的新鲜度与质量，货损成本仅占总价值的0.39%；与遗传算法、蚁群算法、粒子群算法相比，混合遗传算法能够节省1.11%、3.03%、1.51%的总集货成本，展现出优越的求解能力；卡车-无人机联合集货模式能够突破山区生鲜农产品物流“最先一公里”的发展瓶颈，助力生鲜农产品上行。

关键词: 生鲜农产品物流, “最先一公里”, 卡车-无人机路径规划, 混合遗传算法

Abstract: The challenging conditions of mountainous roads, with certain areas inaccessible to trucks, significantly reduce the efficiency of fresh agricultural produce collection, adversely affecting both their freshness and quality. To address this issue, a truck-drone collaborative collection model is proposed, wherein drones are employed to collect fresh agricultural produce from areas unreachable by trucks. The model integrates factors such as road conditions, drone energy consumption, capacity, flight speed, product freshness, as well as truck capacity and speed, aiming to minimize total collection costs. A path-planning model for truck-drone collaboration is formulated, and a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is designed. Simulations based on various test cases are conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed method efficiently plans truck-drone collection routes, enhancing timeliness while maintaining fresh agricultural produce freshness and quality. Produce loss costs are limited to 0.39% of the total value. Compared to the genetic algorithm, ant colony algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm, the HGA reduces total collection costs by 1.11%, 3.03%, 1.51%, respectively, showcasing superior problem-solving efficiency. The truck-drone collaborative collection model effectively overcomes the “first-mile” logistics bottleneck for fresh agricultural produce in mountainous regions, supporting their movement up the supply chain.

Key words: fresh agricultural produce logistics, “first mile”, vehicle routing problem with drones, hybrid genetic algorithm

付朝晖, 李君宇, 刘长石. 山区生鲜物流卡车-无人机联合集货路径规划[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2025, 61(14): 332-342.

FU Zhaohui, LI Junyu, LIU Changshi. Collaborative Truck-Drone Routing for Mountainous Fresh Produce Collection[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2025, 61(14): 332-342.

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