Natural language processing, as a branch of artificial intelligence, has a wide range of applications in daily life. With the application of recurrent neural networks in the field of natural language processing and the continuous evolution and iteration of recurrent neural networks, natural language processing has made a great leap. As a result, recurrent neural networks have quickly become mainstream algorithms in the field of natural language processing, but they have the disadvantages of complex structure and long training time. This paper proposes a natural language processing model based on one-dimensional dilated convolution and Attention mechanism. Firstly, one-dimensional dilated convolution is used to extract the deep features of linguistic text, and then the deep features are assigned weights through the Attention mechanism to integrate various temporal features. The experimental results show that the training time of the model only needs about 30% of the recurrent neural network, and the performance similar to the recurrent neural network can be achieved, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model.