Abstract: This paper investigates the recognition process of Japanese Kanji and sentences for Chinese bilinguals and native Japanese speakers（NJS），by analyzing the event-related potential（ERP） differences between the two groups while they visually recognize Japanese Kanji and sentences.The results show that no significant differences are found between the two groups while they recognize Japanese Kanji，but significant differences are found in Japanese sentences condition，which demonstrate that the neural mechanisms of recognition process of Japanese sentences including kana between the two groups are not identical.Chinese bilinguals recognize Japanese sentences slower and more difficult than NJS.When recognizing ambiguous sentences，Chinese bilinguals’ P600 only appeare over the right frontal lobe，reflecting that syntactic integration and revision of ambiguous sentences for Chinese bilinguals is related with the right hemisphere.The results show that，for Chinese bilinguals，the difficulty of Japanese language learning is the recognition and understanding of Japanese sentences with kana，not Japanese Kanji.A scientific learning method is provided for Chinese bilinguals to enhance their Japanese language learning efficiency from the aspect of brain science，and the brain science evidences is provided for the natural language processing of human brain simulation in the field of Artificial Intelligence.