面向边缘无服务器计算的WebAssembly应用研究综述

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.2210-0308

摘要/Abstract

摘要： WebAssembly（简称Wasm）是一个可移植、体积小、加载迅速且兼容Web的全新二进制格式，具有高效、安全、开放等特点。边缘计算的基本理念是将计算任务在接近数据源的计算资源上运行，而部署在边缘的设备性能和资源通常十分有限，在这种资源受限的环境下如何提供低延迟且安全的服务是边缘计算的重要研究方向。无服务器技术（Serverless）是一种基础设施上托管应用程序的新方式，目前主要基于容器技术实现程序的托管，因为其轻量，函数即服务（FaaS）、自动伸缩等特点，无服务器计算是目前最适合边缘计算的架构，但一直存在冷启动和内存占用大等问题。Wasm可以替代传统容器方式，为边缘无服务器计算提供一种更新、更快、资源占用更小且安全隔离的实现方式。介绍边缘无服务器计算的特性及其应用场景、Wasm的应用现状和发展趋势，分析了基于Wasm的边缘无服务器计算中关键问题的研究现状，阐述了Wasm运行时替代容器作为边缘无服务器计算载体的发展方向，探讨了边缘Wasm无服务器计算平台存在的问题以及未来基于深度强化学习等人工智能算法的优化方向。

关键词: WebAssembly, 边缘计算, 无服务器计算, 深度强化学习, 运行时

Abstract: WebAssembly（Wasm） is a new binary format that is portable, small, fast to load and compatible with the Web. It has the characteristics of high efficiency, security, and openness. The basic concept of edge computing is to run computing tasks on computing resources close to the data source. However, the performance and resources of devices deployed on the edge are usually very limited. In this resource-constrained environment, how to provide low-latency and secure services is an important research direction of edge computing. Serverless is a new way to host applications on infrastructure. At present, it is mainly based on container technology to realize program hosting. Serverless computing is currently the most suitable architecture for edge computing due to its lightweight, function as a service（FaaS）, automatic scaling and so on, but it always has problems such as cold start and large memory consumption. Wasm can replace the traditional container and provide an updated, faster, less resource consuming and secure isolation implementation for edge serverless computing. In this paper, the characteristics of edge serverless computing and its application scenarios, as well as the development trend of Wasm are introduced at first. The current research on Wasm-based edge serverless computing is analyzed and the development direction of Wasm runtime alternative containers as the carrier of edge serverless computing is illustrated. Moreover, the problems of edge Wasm serverless computing platform are discussed and the future optimization directions based on deep reinforcement learning and other artificial intelligence algorithms are summarized.

Key words: WebAssembly, edge computing, serverless computing, deep reinforcement learning, runtime

王欣, 赵凯, 秦斌. 面向边缘无服务器计算的WebAssembly应用研究综述[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2023, 59(11): 28-36.

WANG Xin, ZHAO Kai, QIN Bin. Review of WebAssembly Application Research for Edge Serverless Computing[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2023, 59(11): 28-36.

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