区块链中区块截留攻击的研究与分析

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.2009-0052

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 区块截留攻击又称扣块攻击，是存在于区块链中的一种攻击方式，攻击者通过渗透进目标矿池中进行消极挖矿以达成破坏目标矿池的目的。简要介绍了挖矿机制和区块截留攻击的工作原理，总结了区块截留攻击的几种模型，并对现有的区块截留攻击模型的攻击方式和收益进行了研究，分析出其攻击效果。构造了一个在提升收益率的同时提升收益速度的区块截留攻击模型，通过仿真挖矿实验验证其所构造的模型，并围绕收益速度和收益率对典型模型和所构造模型进行对比和分析。基于实验的结果，给出了不同的攻击模型所适用的环境。

关键词: 区块链, 比特币, 区块截留攻击

Abstract: Block withholding（BWH） attack is an attack method that exists in the blockchain. The attacker penetrates into the target mining pool for passive mining to achieve the purpose of destroying the target mining pool. This paper firstly introduces the mining mechanism and the working principle of block withholding attack, summarizes several models of block withholding attack, and studies the attack methods and benefits of the existing block withholding attack models, and analyzes its speed of revenue. After that, a block withholding attack model that increases the rate of revenue while increasing the speed of revenue is constructed, and the constructed model is verified through simulation mining experiments, and the typical model and the constructed model are compared and analyzed around the rate of revenue and the speed of revenue. Finally, based on the experimental results, the environment in which different attack models are applicable is given.

Key words: block chain, bitcoin, block withholding attack

刘子州, 程晓荣, 王治博. 区块链中区块截留攻击的研究与分析[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2022, 58(4): 118-125.

LIU Zizhou, CHENG Xiaorong, WANG Zhibo. Research and Analysis of Block Withholding Attack for Blockchain[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2022, 58(4): 118-125.

参考文献

[1] 袁勇，王飞跃.区块链技术发展现状与展望[J].自动化学报，2016，42（4）：481-494.
YUAN Y，WANG F Y.Blockchain：the state of the art and future trends[J].Acta Automatica Sinica，2016，42（4）：481-494.
[2] BADERSCHER C，MAURER U，TSCHUDI D，et al.Bitcoin as a transaction ledger：a composable treatment[C]//Annual International Cryptology Conference.Cham：Springer，2017：324-356.
[3] ATZEI N，BARTOLETTI M，CIMOLI T.A survey of attacks on ethereum smart contracts（SOK）[C]//International conference on principles of security and trust.Springer，Berlin，Heidelberg，2017：164-186.
[4] ROSENFELD M.Analysis of bitcoin pooled mining reward systems[J].arXiv：1112.4980，2011.
[5] COURTOIS N T，BAHACK L.On subversive miner strategies and block withholding attack in bitcoin digital currency[J].arXiv：1402.1718，2014.
[6] LUU L，SAHA R，PARAMESHWARAN I，et al.On power splitting games in distributed computation：the case of bitcoin pooled mining[C]//2015 IEEE 28th Computer Security Foundations Symposium，2015：397-411.
[7] BAG S，RUJ S，SAKURAI K.Bitcoin block withholding attack：analysis and mitigation[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security，2016，12（8）：1967-1978.
[8] KWON Y，KIM D，SON Y，et al.Be selfish and avoid dilemmas：fork after withholding （FAW） attacks on bitcoin[C]//2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security，2017：195-209.
[9] KOSBA A，MILLER A，SHI E，et al.HAWK：the blockchain model of cryptography and privacy-preserving smart contracts[C]//2016 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy，2016：839-858.
[10] 韩健.比特币挖矿攻击及防御方案研究[D].济南：山东大学，2019.
HAN J.Research on bitcoin mining attacks and defense schemes[D].Jinan：Shandong University，2019.
[11] DU M X，MA X F，ZHANG Z，et al.A review on consensus algorithm of blockchain[C]//2017 IEEE International Conference on Systems，Man，and Cybernetics，2017：2567-2572.
[12] NAKAMOTO S.Bitcoin：a peer-to-peer electronic cash system[EB/OL].（2008）[2020-08-15].https：//bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.
[13] EYAL I，SIRER E G.Majority is not enough：bitcoin mining is vulnerable[C]//International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security.Berlin，Heidelberg：Springer，2014：436-454.
[14] 柯俊明.动态平均收益最优的扣块策略：间歇性扣块攻击[D].济南：山东大学，2019.
KE J M.The intermittent withholding attack：the block withholding attack for the optimal dynamic reward rate[D].Jinan：Shandong University，2019.
[15] BONNEAU J，MILLER A，CLARK J，et al.SOK：research perspectives and challenges for bitcoin and cryptocurrencies[C]//2015 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy，2015：104-121.
[16] NAYAK K，KUMAR S，MILLER A，et al.Stubborn mining：generalizing selfish mining and combining with an eclipse attack[C]//2016 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy，2016：305-320.