关键词: 无线传感器网络, 三维曲面覆盖, 三维感知盲区, 误差率, 差分进化算法

Abstract: To solve the coverage problem of 3-D surface in wireless sensor networks, a 3-D perceptual model of sensor nodes is built, and considering the irregularities of the 3-D surface, the salient point on the surface can become obstacles in the process of perception of the node and lead to the problem of 3-D monitoring blind area. Firstly it calculates the required minimum number of nodes which can realize complete coverage of the limited surface through analyzing the simple 3-D surface theoretically, meshes on the surface and improving fitness function based on the 3-D monitoring blind area, optimizes the position coordinates of the randomly deployed nodes by reference of Differential Evolution（DE） algorithm, and calculates the minimum number of nodes for realizing a complete coverage of target surface through a large number of simulation experiments, then introduces the error rate and test criterion to verify the effectiveness of referencing to DE algorithm to solve the simple 3-D surface coverage problems. Finally the DE algorithm is applied to solve the complex 3-D surface coverage problems which achieves good results.

Key words: wireless sensor networks, 3-D surface coverage, 3-D monitoring blind area, error rate, Differential Evolution（DE） algorithm