关键词: 物流与供应链, 库存路径问题, 配送, 随机需求, 启发式算法

Abstract: Inventory and transportation are the topmost main activities in modern logistics，and how to optimize these two activities is a vitally challenging work to the vendor-managed-inventory mode.Taking the two-echelon system consisted of one distribution center and many retailers as the object，and aiming to minimize the mean total cost in the system planning horizon，the paper analyzes all of the cost，including the retailer’s stocking，shortage penalty，and distribution center’s replenishment，holding，distribution，and models for the Inventory-Routing Problem（IRP）.Further，according to the retailer’s demand stochastic property，the bound of its stocking is estimated.A primary ordering policy and a distributing priority principle are selected for the distribution center based on the two-stage characteristic of the IRP.Borrowing idea from solving famous traveling-salesman problem，a heuristic algorithm is proposed for the IRP.As a result，a simulating problem，which is solved by computer program with Matlab7.0，is used to test the effectiveness of the optimization method and the algorithm，the IRP outcome saves cost about 7.3%，compared with their separate optimization.

Key words: logistics and supply chain, inventory-routing problem, distribution, stochastic demand, heuristic algorithm