Abstract: The RFID reader collision problem imposes great influence on RFID system performance.A solution for the problem is to assign time slots or frequencies to readers reasonably by graph coloring method.However，graph coloring problem is a NP difficult problem.Fortunately，with the good non-linearity approach ability，the neural network can find solution for the problem. Therefore，an anti-collision algorithm based on neural network graph coloring was proposed.The reader collision types，solutions were analyzed，and the anti-collision algorithm was presented in detail，formula deduction and the energy function of the algorithm were proposed.The simulation result has demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is effective.