VR交互式三维虚拟起重装备建模与仿真

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.2211-0173

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 起重机作为广泛应用的特种装备，运行危险性大，极易发生安全事故。为降低由操作不当引起的安全事故，国家高度重视起重机的安全培训工作。目前培训操作多为传统的示教式培训，培训成本高、效果差。虚拟现实技术具有沉浸式、交互性、多感知等优点。基于此，采用虚拟现实技术建立起重装备培训和考核系统，大幅提升工人培训效果。为还原起重机真实使用场景，采用逆向工程技术对起重机及起重机厂房进行建模；针对三维虚拟场景真实性以及模型数量巨大交互模型复用性差的问题，采用细节层次（levels of detail，LOD）模型构建起重装备几何模型，从而优化系统的真实感和实时性；利用Unity平台实现了起重装备的三维场景漫游、碰撞检测和快速导航；基于MySQL数据库，实时存储培训数据以及起重机重要参数数据；依据现有桥机平台对虚拟平台进行了验证，结果显示该起重机虚拟现实培训系统可以在降低培训成本的同时大幅提升了培训感官，实验效果良好。

关键词: 虚拟现实, 起重装备培训, 逆向工程, 细节层次（LOD）模型, Unity

Abstract: Crane, as a widely used special equipment, is highly dangerous in operation and prone to safety accidents. In order to reduce the safety accidents caused by improper operation, the state attaches great importance to the crane safety training. The current training operations are mostly traditional demonstration training with high training costs and poor results. Virtual reality technology has the advantages of immersion, interaction and multi-perception and so on. Based on this, this study uses virtual reality technology to establish crane training and assessment system, which have greatly improved the effect of worker training. In order to restore the true use scene of the crane, first of all, reverse engineering technology is used to model the crane and crane workshop. Secondly, in view of the reality of 3D virtual scene and the poor reusability of interactive models with a large number of models, the level of detail (LOD) model is used to build the geometric model of crane, so as to optimize the realism and real-time of the system. Then, 3D scene roaming, collision detection and fast navigation of crane are realized with Unity platform. Based on MySQL database, the training data and crane important parameters data are storage in real-time. Finally, the virtual platform is validated according to the existing bridge platform. The results show that the crane virtual reality training system can greatly improve the sensory training while reducing the training cost, and the experiment has a better effect.

Key words: virtual reality, crane training, reverse engineering, level of detail (LOD) model, Unity

黄凯歌, 惠延波, 刘永刚, 王宏晓, 王瞧. VR交互式三维虚拟起重装备建模与仿真[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2024, 60(7): 204-211.

HUANG Kaige, HUI Yanbo, LIU Yonggang, WANG Hongxiao, WANG Qiao. VR Interactive 3D Virtual Crane Modeling and Simulation[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2024, 60(7): 204-211.

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