具备匿名性和信任评估的车联网数据转发方案

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.2010-0299

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着智能交通系统的快速发展以及车辆用户的持续增长，数据转发成为车联网的研究热点之一。然而车辆节点的高速移动，导致网络拓扑结构的快速变化以及网络持续连通性变差；此外由于车联网无线通信的属性，数据转发的内容以及车辆用户的信息很容易被窃听和泄露；同时存在一些车辆用户可能拒绝转发数据。因此，在车联网中如何保证数据转发的可靠性以及用户身份的隐私性和用户的参与性是非常重要的。提出了具备匿名性和信任评估的车联网数据转发方案，该方案利用无证书签名技术实现了区域车辆成员和路边单元的匿名认证，车辆通过路边单元将消息转发给可信机构（TA），交通管理中心（TMC）评估接收到消息的可靠性后转发给相应的车辆节点，以此提高转发的及时性，最后可信机构通过消息的可靠性来计算车辆节点的信任等级并更新该车辆的信用账户。利用无证书签名技术降低了计算开销；通过TMC对消息进行分类评估实现了消息的可靠性及完整性；通过对其信用账户的更新提高了用户参与的积极性。安全性分析表明该方案实现了用户身份的认证性、匿名性、数据的可靠性、不可抵赖性及可追溯性。

关键词: 数据转发, 匿名认证, 无证书签名, 可靠性评估

Abstract: With the rapid development of intelligent transportation system and the growing number of vehicle users, data forwarding has become one of research hotspots in the internet of vehicles（IoV）. On the one hand, however, due to the high-speed movement of vehicles, the IoV network topology changes rapidly over time, and the continuous IoV network connectivity is poor; on the other hand, since the nature of IoV wireless communication, it is easier to eavesdrop communication data and disclose privacy information of vehicle users on public channel. Furthermore, some malicious vehicle users may refuse to transform and forward the data. Therefore, it is essential to guarantee the reliability of the data, the privacy of the user’s identity, and the user’s participation in data forwarding. This paper proposes a data forwarding scheme for the IoV with anonymity and trust evaluation. The scheme uses certificateless signature technology to achieve anonymous authentication between regional vehicle users and roadside units. The vehicle forwards the data to a trust authority（TA） via the roadside unit, and then the transportation management center（TMC） evaluates the reliability of the received data. Then it is forwarded to the corresponding vehicle to improve the timeliness of forwarding. Finally, the TA calculates the trust level of the vehicle through the reliability of the data and updates the reputation value of the relevant vehicle. The use of certificateless signature technology reduces the computational overhead; the classification and evaluation of data via TMC achieves the reliability and integrity of the data; the update of their reputation value improves the enthusiasm of users to participate. Finally, the security analysis shows that the scheme achieves user identity authentication, anonymity, data reliability, non-repudiation and traceability.

Key words: data forwarding, anonymous authentication, certificateless signature, reliability assessment

杨鸽, 赖成喆, 郑东. 具备匿名性和信任评估的车联网数据转发方案[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2022, 58(7): 122-128.

YANG Ge, LAI Chengzhe, ZHENG Dong. Data Forwarding Solution for Internet of Vehicles with Anonymity and Trust Evaluation[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2022, 58(7): 122-128.

参考文献

[1] CRUZ S B，ABRUDAN T E，et al.Neighbor-aided loca-lization in vehicular networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems，2017，18（10）：1-10.
[2] CHENG N，LU N，ZHANG N，et al.Opportunistic WiFi-offloading in vehicular environment：A game-theoryapproach[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems，2016，17（7）：1944-1955.
[3] BI Y G，ZHOU H B，XU W C，et al.An efficient PMIPv6 based handoff scheme for urban vehicular networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems，2016，17（12）：1-16.
[4] LI L，LIU J，CHENG L，et al.CreditCoin：A privacy-pre-serving blockchain-based incentive announcement network for communications of smart vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions Intelligent Transportation Systems，2018，19：2204-2220.
[5] LU R，LIN X，LIANG X，et al.A dynamic privacy-preserving key management scheme for location-based services in VANETs[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems，2012，13（1）：127-139.
[6] 吴黎兵，范静，聂雷，等.一种车联网环境下的城市车辆协同选路方法[J].计算机学报，2017，40（7）：1600-1613.
WU L B，FAN J，NIE L，et al.A Collaborative routing method with internet of vehicles for city cars[J].Chinese Journal of Computers，2017，40（7）：1600-1613.
[7] 杨志伟，陈昊亮，张波，等.软件定义车联网的数据转发机制[J].计算机应用，2017，37（1）：84-89.
YANG Z W，CHENG H L，ZHANG B，et al.Data for-warding mechanism in software-defined vehicu-lar ad hoc network[J].Journal of Computer Applications，2017，37（1）：84-89.
[8] 包国华，王生玉，李运发.云计算中基于隐私感知的数据安全保护方法研究[J].信息网络安全，2017（1）：84-89.
BAO G H，WANG S Y，LI Y F.Research on data security protection method based on privacy awareness in cloud computing[J].Netinfo Security，2017（1）：84-89.
[9] FANG D F，QIAN Y，HU R Q，et al.A flexible and efficient authentication and secure data transmission scheme for IoT applications[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal，2020，7（4）：3474-3484.
[10] POURYAZDAN M，KANTARCI B.Anchor-assisted and vote-based trustworthiness assurance in smart city crowdsensing[J].IEEE Access，2017，4：529-541.
[11] TARIQ A，REHMAN R A，KIM B，et al.Forwarding strate-gies in NDN-based wireless networks：A survey[J].IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials，2020，22（1）：68-95.
[12] RAYA M，AZIZ A，HUBAUX J P.Efficient secure aggr-egation in VANETs[C]//Proceedings of International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks，2006.
[13] SAEED M E，LIU Q Y，TIAN G Y，et al.Remote authentication schemes for wireless body area networks based on the internet of things[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal，2018，5（6）：4926-4944.
[14] ZHOU J，ZHOU X W.Anonymous shared certificate entity authentication protocol[J].Wireless Personal Communications，2013，72（4）：2761-2772.
[15] DEN BERG E V，ZHANG T，PIETROWICZ S.Blend-in：A privacy-enhancing certificate selection method for vehicular communication[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehi-cular Technology，2009，58（9）：5190-5199.
[16] YING B D，MAKRAKIS D，MOUFTAH H T，et al.Dynamic mix-zone for location privacy in vehicular networks[J].IEEE Communications Letters，2013，17（8）：1524-1527.
[17] ZHANG C X，LIN X D，LU R X，et al.An efficient message authentication scheme for vehicular communi-cations[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology，2008，57（6）：3357-3368.
[18] CUI J，XU W Y，ZHONG H，et al.Privacy-preserving authentication using a double pseudonym for internet of vehicles[J].Sensors，2018，18（5）：1453.
[19] LAI C Z，LI H，LI X Q，et al.A novel group access authentication and key agreement protocol for machine-
type communication[J].Transactions on Emerging Teleco-mmunications Technologies，2015，26（3）：414-431.
[20] KERRACHE C A，CALAFATE C T，CANO J C，et al.Trust management for vehicular networks：An adversary-oriented overview[J].IEEE Access，2016，4：9293-9307.
[21] ZHANG J.A survey on trust management for VANETs[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Advance Information Networking & Applications，2011：105-112.
[22] CAO Q H，KHAN I，FARAHBAKHSH R，et al.A trust model for data sharing in smart cities[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications（ICC），2016：1-7.
[23] ZHANG B，LIU C H，LU J，et al.Privacy-preserving QoI-aware participant coordination for mobile crowdsourcing[J].Computer Networks，2016，101（4）：29-41.
[24] LIU A，LI Z X，LIU G F，et al.Privacy-preserving task assignment in spatial crowdsourcing[J].Journal of Computer Science and Technology，2017，32（5）：905-918.
[25] MINAT K，CHENG H T，et al.Performance of broadcast transmission from multiple vehicles in vehicle-roadside vehicle relay network[C]//Proceedings of International lcst Conference on Communications and Networking in China，2011：675-679.
[26] LAI C Z，ZHANG K，CHENG N，et al.SIRC：A secure incentive scheme for reliable cooperative downloading in highway VANETs[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems，2017，18（6）：1559-1574.
[27] WANG X J，NING Z L，ZHOU M C，et al.Privacy-preserving content dissemination for vehicular social networks：Challenges and solutions[J].IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials，2019，21（2）：1314-1345.
[28] GAO Z G，CHEN D J，CAI S B，et al.OptDynLim：An optimal algorithm for the one-dimensional RSU deployment problem with nonuniform profit density[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics，2019，15（2）：1052-1061.
[29] XIA Y J，CHEN W Z，LIU X J，et al.Adaptive multimedia data forwarding for privacy preservation invehicular adhoc networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems，2017，18（10）：2629-2641.
[30] NI J B，LIN X D，SHEN X M.Privacy-preserving data forwarding in VANETs：A personal-social behaviorbased approach[C]//Proceeings of GLOBECOM 2017 IEEE Globals Communications Conference，2017.
[31] YEH L Y，LIN Y C.A proxy-based authentication andbilling scheme with incentive-aware multihop forwarding for vehicular networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems，2014，15（4）：1607-1621.
[32] LIU J W，LI Q Q，SUN R，et al.An efficient anonymous authentication scheme for internet of vehicles[C]//Proceeings of 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications（ICC），2018：1-6.
[33] TSO R，HUANG X Y，SUSILO W.Strongly secure certificateless short signatures[J].Journal of Systems & Software，2012，85（6）：1409-1417.
[34] HE D B，HUANG B J，CHEN J H，et al.New certificateless short signature scheme[J].LET Information Security，2013，7（2）：113-117.