Abstract: Based on the hypergraph theory，the paper represents the large-scale wireless sensor networks into the hypergraph model，which can effectively decrease the control messages in routing process.Building a minimum energy consumption hyper-tree for data collection，the paper presents the minimum spanning hyper-tree routing algorithm in synchronous wireless sensor networks（MSHT-SN）.The validity of the algorithm is proved by the theatrical analysis.And the simulation presents the MSHT-SN algorithm is better than traditional shorting path tree routing algorithm.It can increase the transmitting success rate and effectively save the scarce energy.