Abstract: In the wireless sensor network routing protocol design, the sensor node monitoring data transmits in multi-hop relay approach to sink node. For sink aggregation node fixed network, sensor nodes of near sink nodes need to transfer to other nodes of the monitoring data, consume large amounts of energy, are easy to premature death, make the network connectivity decline, even make the network segmentation, shorten the lifetime of the network. In order to solve this problem, SERP is a energy balancing routing protocol based on sink mobility. It adopts the strategy of sink movement which makes the hot nodes inside the network to take turns and balances the load among them. In SERP, the WSN deployment area is divided into finite branch areas and then it takes the centre of each branch area as the movement locations of sink nodes. The sojourn time of sink nodes in each location is figured through linear programming. The paper makes simulations and analysis to the two routing protocols above. The results show that the inside node energy consumption is comparatively balanced and efficient, and the network lifetime is prolonged effectively.

Key words: sink, routing protocol, energy consumption

摘要： 在无线传感器网络路由协议的设计中，传感器节点的监测数据要以多跳中继的方式向sink汇聚节点进行传输。在sink汇聚节点固定网络，临近sink汇聚节点的传感器节点需要中转其他节点的监测数据，从而耗费大量的电池能量，很容易造成过早地死亡，使网络的连通度下降，甚至会造成网络的分割，缩短了网络寿命。为了解决这一问题，从sink汇聚节点的角度，提出了一个基于sink汇聚节点移动的能量均衡的路由协议——SERP路由协议，通过sink汇聚节点的移动，使其附近的传感器节点不断地发生变化也就是网络内的“热点”不断地发生变化，从而促使传感器节点间的负载得到均衡，达到延长网络寿命的目的。在协议中，首先将无线传感器网络的监测区域分成有限个虚拟单元格，然后以每个单元格的中心作为sink汇聚节点的移动位置，最后通过线性规划确定sink汇聚节点在每个位置的停留时间。针对上述路由协议，对它进行了仿真分析，结果显示网络内节点的能量消耗比较高效均衡，有效地延长了网络寿命。

关键词: sink, 路由协议, 能量消耗