Abstract: Emergency logistics distribution is an important work in disaster relief operations. Considering the urgent relief needs right after disaster, a three-layer conceptual framework that including relief warehouses, relief distribution centers, and affected areas is developed. A bi-level optional model where flow allocation decisions are made at the top level, and the vehicle routing decisions are made at the base level is presented. According to the characteristics of the model, an improved ant colony algorithm is proposed to solve the base level model, and use CPLEX to solve the top level model. Numerical studies with a real large-scale earthquake disaster occurring in Wenchuan are conducted, and the corresponding results indicate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed method.

Key words: emergency, logistics distribution, vehicle routing, improved ant colony algorithm

摘要： 应急物资敏捷配送是灾难救援的重要工作之一，为了给灾区快速配送应急物资，构建了包含救灾物资储备库、应急物资配送中心及受灾点三层结构的应急物资敏捷配送体系。建立相应双层优化模型，其中下层模型决策车辆路径安排，上层模型根据下层模型的结果决策应急物资的分配。根据该模型的特点，提出一种改进蚁群算法求解下层模型，并用CPLEX软件求解上层模型。最后以5·12 汶川大地震应急救援为例，对优化模型及求解方法进行了验证。

关键词: 应急, 敏捷配送, 车辆路径, 改进蚁群算法